Desain Pabrik E-Metanol Dari CO2 Biogas

Lazuardi, Syahrial Jovian Lazuardi and Nahdlyin, Astrid Nahdlyin (2026) Desain Pabrik E-Metanol Dari CO2 Biogas. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Peningkatan kebutuhan metanol nasional yang masih bergantung pada impor, ditambah urgensi dekarbonisasi industri kimia, mendorong perancangan pabrik e-metanol berbasis CO2 hasil pemurnian biogas dan hidrogen hijau dari elektrolisis air. Perancangan ini bertujuan menghasilkan e-metanol dengan kapasitas 4.000 ton/tahun, beroperasi 330 hari per tahun, dan berlokasi di Kota Dumai, Provinsi Riau, dengan mempertimbangkan ketersediaan bahan baku, utilitas, dan akses transportasi. Bahan baku CO2 diperoleh dari biogas yang telah melalui tahap penghilangan H2S dan pemurnian, sedangkan hidrogen dihasilkan melalui Alkaline Water Electrolysis (AWE) yang terpilih berdasarkan analisis Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Sintesis metanol dilakukan melalui rute Direct CO2 to Methanol (DC2M), yaitu hidrogenasi langsung CO2 dan H2 dalam reaktor fixed-bed multi-tubular berkatalis Zr-Cu/ZnO, dilanjutkan dengan pemurnian produk melalui kolom distilasi hingga diperoleh metanol grade AA dengan kemurnian 99%, serta produk samping berupa biometana dan oksigen. Perancangan mencakup pembuatan diagram alir proses, neraca massa dan energi, analisis keselamatan proses (HAZOP) dan P&ID, perhitungan spesifikasi peralatan, serta evaluasi kelayakan ekonomi dan dampak lingkungan. Hasil analisis ekonomi menunjukkan total capital investment sebesar Rp214.666.440.607 dengan fixed capital investment Rp185.016.379.749, total biaya produksi Rp120.917.895.657, dan hasil penjualan produk Rp153.622.521.360 per tahun. Dengan masa pinjaman 10 tahun, pabrik ini memberikan Internal Rate of Return (IRR) sebesar 24,95%, Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) sebesar 7,23%, Pay Out Time (POT) selama 6 tahun 1 bulan, dan Break Even Point (BEP) sebesar 36,07%, sehingga secara ekonomi dinyatakan layak untuk dibangun mulai tahun 2035 dengan masa konstruksi dua tahun. Pabrik ini diharapkan mampu memenuhi sekitar 2,3% kebutuhan metanol nasional sekaligus mendukung pengembangan industri kimia rendah karbon berbasis pemanfaatan biogas dan hidrogen hijau di Indonesia.
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Indonesia's growing methanol demand, which remains heavily import-dependent, together with the urgency of decarbonizing the chemical industry, motivates the design of an e-methanol plant using CO2 recovered from purified biogas and green hydrogen produced via water electrolysis. This design targets an e-methanol production capacity of 4,000 tons/year, operating 330 days per year, with the plant located in Dumai City, Riau Province, based on feedstock availability, utility access, and transportation infrastructure. The CO2 feedstock is obtained from biogas after H2S removal and purification stages, while hydrogen is generated through Alkaline Water Electrolysis (AWE), selected using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) analysis. Methanol synthesis is carried out via the Direct CO2 to Methanol (DC2M) route, in which CO2 and H2 are directly hydrogenated in a multi-tubular fixed-bed reactor with a Zr-Cu/ZnO catalyst, followed by product purification through distillation to obtain AA-grade methanol at 99% purity, along with biomethane and oxygen as byproducts. The design encompasses the process flow diagram, mass and energy balances, process safety analysis (HAZOP) and P&ID, equipment sizing, as well as economic feasibility and environmental impact evaluation. The economic analysis shows a total capital investment of IDR 214,666,440,607, with a fixed capital investment of IDR 185,016,379,749, a total production cost of IDR 120,917,895,657, and annual product sales revenue of IDR 153,622,521,360. With a 10-year loan period, the plant yields an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 24.95%, a WACC of 7.23%, a Pay Out Time of 6 years and 1 month, and a Break Even Point of 36.07%, indicating that the project is economically feasible for construction starting in 2035, with a two-year construction period. The plant is expected to fulfill approximately 2.3% of Indonesia's national methanol demand while supporting the development of a low-carbon chemical industry based on biogas utilization and green hydrogen.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	E-metanol, Biogas, Hidrogen Hijau, Elektrolisis, Biometana; E-methanol, Biogas, Green Hydrogen, Electrolysis, Biomethane.
Subjects:	T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP155.5 Chemical plants--Design and construction T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP155.7 Chemical processes. T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP248.25.M46 Membrane separation T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP255 Electrochemistry, Industrial. T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP343 Liquid and gaseous fuel T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP359 Biogas
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Chemical Engineering > 24201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Syahrial Jovian Lazuardi
Date Deposited:	28 Jul 2026 03:00
Last Modified:	28 Jul 2026 03:00
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/138362

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