Isolasi Bakteri Penghasil Kitinase pada Limbah Cair Tambak Udang Vaname untuk Aplikasi Material Hidrogel Pupuk Lepas Lambat

Setiawan, Rico (2026) Isolasi Bakteri Penghasil Kitinase pada Limbah Cair Tambak Udang Vaname untuk Aplikasi Material Hidrogel Pupuk Lepas Lambat. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

Text 5005221012-Undergraduate_Thesis.pdf - Accepted Version Restricted to Repository staff only Download (2MB)

Abstract

Limbah cair tambak udang vaname merupakan salah satu sumber limbah organik yang mengandung kitin yang berasal dari eksoskeleton udang. Akumulasi kitin di lingkungan dapat menyebabkan pencemaran air melalui peningkatan Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) dan Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), serta pencemaran tanah akibat dekomposisi limbah yang menghasilkan senyawa organik yang, apabila berlebihan, dapat menimbulkan bau tidak sedap dan menurunkan kualitas lingkungan. Kitin dapat dikonversi menjadi produk bernilai tambah melalui proses hidrolisis menggunakan enzim kitinase yang dihasilkan oleh bakteri kitinolitik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi bakteri penghasil kitinase dari limbah cair tambak udang vaname serta mengevaluasi potensi pemanfaatan kitinase dalam degradasi kitin sebagai bahan dasar pembuatan material hidrogel pupuk lepas lambat. Isolasi bakteri dilakukan menggunakan media selektif yang mengandung kitin koloidal, kemudian diseleksi berdasarkan pembentukan zona bening sebagai indikator aktivitas kitinolitik. Isolat dengan aktivitas terbaik digunakan untuk produksi kitinase melalui metode fermentasi terendam (*submerged fermentation*). Aktivitas enzim dianalisis secara kuantitatif, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan pemurnian parsial menggunakan presipitasi amonium sulfat dan karakterisasi enzim. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa diperoleh empat isolat bakteri penghasil kitinase dengan diameter zona bening masing-masing sebesar 9,6 mm, 8,5 mm, 7,7 mm, dan 4,6 mm pada isolat K1, K2, K3, dan K4. Isolat dengan aktivitas tertinggi menghasilkan aktivitas enzim kasar sebesar 261,189 U/mL. Proses pemurnian parsial menggunakan amonium sulfat menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas spesifik tertinggi diperoleh pada fraksi kejenuhan 65–75%, yaitu sebesar 299,666 U/mg dengan kadar protein 1,0305 mg/mL, sedangkan kadar protein tertinggi diperoleh pada fraksi 50–65%, yaitu sebesar 1,4171 mg/mL. Perbedaan tersebut menunjukkan bahwa fraksi dengan aktivitas spesifik tertinggi memiliki proporsi enzim aktif yang lebih besar dibandingkan protein pengotor. Aplikasi kitinase terhadap substrat kitin menghasilkan degradasi parsial yang ditunjukkan oleh perubahan karakteristik kitin menuju pembentukan kitosan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, bakteri penghasil kitinase yang diisolasi dari limbah cair tambak udang vaname berpotensi dimanfaatkan dalam proses biokonversi limbah kitin menjadi material hidrogel pupuk lepas lambat yang ramah lingkungan.
================================================================================================================================
Vannamei shrimp pond wastewater is a major source of organic waste containing chitin derived from shrimp exoskeletons. The accumulation of chitin in the environment can contribute to environmental pollution, including water contamination through increased Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), as well as soil pollution resulting from the decomposition of organic waste, which may generate unpleasant odors and degrade environmental quality. Chitin can be converted into value-added products through hydrolysis using chitinase produced by chitinolytic bacteria. This study aimed to isolate chitinase-producing bacteria from vannamei shrimp pond wastewater and evaluate the potential application of chitinase for chitin degradation as a precursor in the fabrication of hydrogel materials for slow-release fertilizers. Bacterial isolation was carried out using a selective medium containing colloidal chitin, followed by screening based on the formation of clear zones as an indicator of chitinolytic activity. The isolate exhibiting the highest activity was selected for chitinase production using submerged fermentation. Enzyme activity was quantitatively determined, followed by partial purification through ammonium sulfate precipitation and enzyme characterization. The results showed that four chitinase-producing bacterial isolates were successfully obtained, with clear zone diameters of 9.6 mm, 8.5 mm, 7.7 mm, and 4.6 mm for isolates K1, K2, K3, and K4, respectively. The isolate with the highest chitinolytic activity produced crude chitinase with an activity of 261.189 U/mL. Partial purification using ammonium sulfate yielded the highest specific activity of 299.666 U/mg in the 65–75% saturation fraction, with a protein concentration of 1.0305 mg/mL, whereas the highest protein concentration of 1.4171 mg/mL was obtained in the 50–65% saturation fraction. These findings indicate that the fraction with the highest specific activity contained a greater proportion of active enzyme relative to contaminating proteins. The application of chitinase to a chitin substrate resulted in partial degradation, as evidenced by changes in the characteristics of chitin toward chitosan formation. Overall, the findings demonstrate that chitinase-producing bacteria isolated from vannamei shrimp pond wastewater have significant potential for the bioconversion of chitin-containing waste into environmentally friendly hydrogel materials for slow-release fertilizer applications.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Subjects:	Q Science > QH Biology > QH301 Biology Q Science > QH Biology > QH541.5.S35 Seashore. Tidal pools Q Science > QR Microbiology Q Science > QR Microbiology > QR74.8 Bacteria
Divisions:	Faculty of Mathematics and Science > Biology > 46201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Rico Setiawan
Date Deposited:	28 Jul 2026 03:57
Last Modified:	28 Jul 2026 03:57
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/138365

Actions (login required)

View Item