Komparasi Eksperimental Persyaratan Fisika Berdasarkan SNI 2049:2015 dan Mikrostruktur Semen Geopolimer Fly Ash Tipe F Terhadap Semen Portland Tipe I

Hidayat, Kurniawan (2026) Komparasi Eksperimental Persyaratan Fisika Berdasarkan SNI 2049:2015 dan Mikrostruktur Semen Geopolimer Fly Ash Tipe F Terhadap Semen Portland Tipe I. Diploma thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Pemanfaatan fly ash tipe F sebagai bahan baku semen geopolimer metode pencampuran kering (dry-mix) dikembangkan untuk meningkatkan kepraktisan proses fabrikasi serta mengurangi penggunaan larutan aktivator alkali dibandingkan metode pencampuran basah. Namun, karakteristik fisika dan mikrostruktur semen geopolimer dry-mix masih perlu dievaluasi untuk mengetahui kesesuaiannya terhadap persyaratan semen portland tipe I berdasarkan SNI 2049:2015. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengomparasikan karakteristik fisika dan mikrostruktur semen geopolimer dry-mix berbasis fly ash tipe F dengan semen portland tipe I. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental menggunakan variasi molaritas NaOH sebesar 12 M, 14 M, dan 16 M dengan rasio NaOH terhadap Na₂SiO₃ sebesar 1:1. Pengujian meliputi karakterisasi material penyusun, karakterisasi semen, karakterisasi mikrostruktur menggunakan X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), particle size distribution (PSD), dan scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDX), serta pengujian persyaratan fisika yang meliputi kehalusan, kekekalan autoclave, waktu ikat, kandungan udara mortar, kuat tekan mortar, dan suhu mortar segar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semen geopolimer memiliki berat jenis 2,421–2,462 g/cm³ dan konsistensi normal 12,6%, lebih rendah dibandingkan semen portland tipe I (3,107 g/cm³ dan 26,2%). Karakterisasi mikrostruktur menunjukkan dominasi oksida aluminosilikat, indeks kristalinitas 43,38–56,00%, dan morfologi partikel berbentuk bulat (spherical). Seluruh variasi memenuhi persyaratan kehalusan, waktu ikat, kandungan udara mortar, dan kuat tekan mortar umur 28 hari. Nilai kehalusan berkisar 414–630 m²/kg, kandungan udara mortar 5,47–5,89%, waktu ikat awal 57–154 menit, waktu ikat akhir 180–315 menit, dan kuat tekan 28 hari sebesar 34,13 MPa (GC 12M), 42,80 MPa (GC 14M), dan 50,13 MPa (GC 16M). Pengujian autoclave pada GC 16M menghasilkan penyusutan 0,008%, sedangkan GC 12M dan GC 14M tidak dapat diuji karena benda uji rusak sebelum pengujian. Temperatur bagian tengah mortar geopolimer berkisar 38,5–42,2 °C dengan perbedaan temperatur 8,1–11,9 °C, lebih tinggi dibandingkan semen portland tipe I, namun seluruh variasi masih berada di bawah batas rekomendasi ACI Committee 224R-01 untuk mass concrete. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, semen geopolimer dry-mix berbasis fly ash tipe F memenuhi sebagian besar persyaratan fisika SNI 2049:2015, dengan GC 16M menunjukkan kinerja terbaik.
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The use of class F fly ash as the primary material for dry-mix geopolymer cement has been developed to improve fabrication practicality and reduce the use of alkaline activator solutions compared with the wet-mix method. However, the physical and microstructural characteristics of dry-mix geopolymer cement require further evaluation to determine its compliance with the requirements for ordinary portland cement (OPC) type I specified in SNI 2049:2015. This study aimed to compare the physical and microstructural characteristics of class F fly ash-based dry-mix geopolymer cement with ordinary portland cement type I. An experimental method was employed using NaOH molarities of 12 M, 14 M, and 16 M with a NaOH-to-Na₂SiO₃ ratio of 1:1. The testing program included characterization of the constituent materials, cement characterization, microstructural analyses using X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), particle size distribution (PSD), and scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDX), as well as physical property tests comprising fineness, autoclave soundness, setting time, mortar air content, mortar compressive strength, and fresh mortar temperature. The results showed that the geopolymer cement had a specific gravity of 2.421–2.462 g/cm³ and a normal consistency of 12.6%, both lower than those of ordinary portland cement type I (3.107 g/cm³ and 26.2%). Microstructural characterization revealed the predominance of aluminosilicate oxides, a crystallinity index of 43.38–56.00%, and predominantly spherical particles. All geopolymer cement mixtures satisfied the requirements for fineness, setting time, mortar air content, and 28-day mortar compressive strength. The fineness ranged from 414 to 630 m²/kg, mortar air content from 5.47% to 5.89%, initial and final setting times from 57–154 min and 180–315 min, respectively, and the 28-day mortar compressive strength reached 34.13 MPa (GC 12M), 42.80 MPa (GC 14M), and 50.13 MPa (GC 16M). The autoclave test on GC 16M produced a shrinkage of 0.008%, whereas GC 12M and GC 14M could not be evaluated because the specimens were damaged before testing. The core temperature of the geopolymer mortar ranged from 38.5 to 42.2 °C with a core-to-surface temperature difference of 8.1–11.9 °C, which was higher than that of ordinary portland cement type I, while all mixtures remained below the ACI Committee 224R-01 recommended limit for mass concrete. Overall, the class F fly ash-based dry-mix geopolymer cement satisfied most of the physical requirements of SNI 2049:2015, with GC 16M exhibiting the best overall performance.

Item Type:	Thesis (Diploma)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	dry-mix, fly ash tipe F, mikrostruktur, semen geopolimer, SNI 2049:2015, class F fly ash, geopolymer cement, microstructure
Subjects:	T Technology > TH Building construction T Technology > TH Building construction > TH880 Sustainable buildings. Sustainable construction. Green building T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP883 Portland cement.
Divisions:	Faculty of Vocational > 22301-Civil Infrastructure Engineering (D4)
Depositing User:	Kurniawan Hidayat
Date Deposited:	03 Aug 2026 03:49
Last Modified:	03 Aug 2026 03:49
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/138380

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