Al Hakim, Muhammad Hanafi Rizqi (2026) Perencanaan dan Analisis Struktur Fixed Gantry Crane Kapasitas 3 Ton Menggunakan Metode Elemen Hingga. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang dan mengevaluasi kekuatan struktur fixed gantry crane dengan kapasitas Safe Working Load (SWL) 3 ton yang digunakan untuk mengevakuasi bongkahan batu kapur oversize seberat 2,5 ton pada area Primary Jaw Crusher PT Sinar Asia Fortuna. Beban perancangan ditentukan berdasarkan kombinasi beban batu kapur sebesar 2.500 kg dan berat unit Electric Wire Rope Hoist sebesar 505 kg, sehingga diperoleh beban statis total sebesar 3.005 kg. Setelah dikalikan faktor dinamis sebesar 1,5, diperoleh gaya desain terpusat sebesar 44.218,575 N. Struktur dirancang menggunakan profil WF 400 × 200 mm sebagai balok lintasan dan membandingkan dua variasi tiang penopang, yaitu H-Beam 250 × 250 mm dan H-Beam 300 × 300 mm, dengan material baja ASTM A36. Analisis struktur statis linier dilakukan menggunakan Metode Elemen Hingga melalui perangkat lunak ANSYS Workbench dengan parameter berupa tegangan von Mises, regangan elastis ekuivalen, deformasi total, dan faktor keamanan. Pada beban 2,5 ton, profil H-Beam 250 × 250 mm menghasilkan tegangan maksimum 103,27 MPa, deformasi total 9,6054 mm, dan faktor keamanan 2,4207 sehingga tidak memenuhi persyaratan SF ≥ 3. Profil H-Beam 300 × 300 mm pada beban yang sama menghasilkan tegangan maksimum 73,807 MPa, regangan elastis ekuivalen 0,00042752 mm/mm, deformasi total 9,1916 mm, dan faktor keamanan 3,3872. Simulasi tambahan menunjukkan bahwa struktur masih memenuhi persyaratan keamanan pada beban 2,8 ton dengan tegangan 82,012 MPa, deformasi 10,109 mm, dan faktor keamanan 3,0483. Pada beban 3 ton, faktor keamanan menurun menjadi 2,8744 sehingga tidak memenuhi batas minimum, meskipun deformasi sebesar 10,721 mm masih berada di bawah batas lendutan izin 14,17 mm. Dengan demikian, konfigurasi H-Beam 300 × 300 mm dan WF 400 × 200 mm direkomendasikan sebagai desain akhir dengan beban kerja nominal 2,5 ton dan batas beban aman maksimum sekitar 2,8 ton.
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This aims to design and evaluate the structural strength of a fixed gantry crane with a Safe Working Load (SWL) of 3 tons, intended to remove a 2.5-ton oversized limestone boulder obstructing the Primary Jaw Crusher area at PT Sinar Asia Fortuna. The design load was determined from the combination of a 2,500 kg limestone load and the 505 kg dead weight of the Electric Wire Rope Hoist, resulting in a total static load of 3,005 kg. After applying a dynamic load factor of 1.5, the critical concentrated design force was calculated as 44,218.575 N. The structure was designed using a WF 400 × 200 mm profile as the runway girder and two supporting-column alternatives, namely H-Beam 250 × 250 mm and H-Beam 300 × 300 mm, manufactured from ASTM A36 structural steel. A linear static structural analysis was performed using the Finite Element Method in ANSYS Workbench by evaluating the von Mises stress, equivalent elastic strain, total deformation, and safety factor. Under a 2.5-ton load, the H-Beam 250 × 250 mm configuration produced a maximum stress of 103.27 MPa, a total deformation of 9.6054 mm, and a safety factor of 2.4207; therefore, it did not satisfy the required safety factor of at least 3. The H-Beam 300 × 300 mm configuration under the same load produced a maximum stress of 73.807 MPa, an equivalent elastic strain of 0.00042752 mm/mm, a total deformation of 9.1916 mm, and a safety factor of 3.3872. Additional simulations showed that the structure remained within the safety requirement under a 2.8-ton load, with a maximum stress of 82.012 MPa, a total deformation of 10.109 mm, and a safety factor of 3.0483. Under a 3-ton load, the safety factor decreased to 2.8744 and no longer satisfied the minimum requirement, although the total deformation of 10.721 mm remained below the allowable deflection limit of 14.17 mm. Therefore, the H-Beam 300 × 300 mm supporting columns combined with the WF 400 × 200 mm runway girder are recommended as the final structural configuration, with a nominal working load of 2.5 tons and a maximum safe load of approximately 2.8 tons.
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