Pengujian Aktivitas Antibakteri Dan Antibiofilm Dari Nanoemulsi Minyak Gaharu (Aquilaria malaccensis) Terhadap Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Penyebab Infeksi Nosokomial

Ayun, Iqrima Qur'rota (2026) Pengujian Aktivitas Antibakteri Dan Antibiofilm Dari Nanoemulsi Minyak Gaharu (Aquilaria malaccensis) Terhadap Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Penyebab Infeksi Nosokomial. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Infeksi nosokomial yang disebabkan oleh Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) masih menjadi masalah serius karena tingginya resistensi terhadap berbagai antibiotik serta kemampuannya membentuk biofilm. Salah satu pendekatan yang berpotensi mengatasi permasalahan tersebut adalah pemanfaatan minyak gaharu (Aquilaria malaccensis) yang mengandung senyawa bioaktif, seperti flavonoid, terpenoid, kromon, dan seskuiterpen, yang diketahui memiliki aktivitas antibakteri dan antibiofilm. Formulasi minyak gaharu dalam bentuk nanoemulsi diharapkan dapat meningkatkan aktivitas senyawa aktif dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri dan pembentukan biofilm. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri dan antibiofilm nanoemulsi minyak gaharu terhadap isolat MRSA 47, MRSA 189 dan MRSA PME, serta mengetahui kemampuan nanoemulsi dalam memberikan proteksi terhadap larva Galleria mellonella. Aktivitas antibakteri diuji menggunakan metode mikrodilusi untuk menentukan Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) dan Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC), sedangkan aktivitas antibiofilm dievaluasi melalui uji pembentukan biofilm. Nanoemulsi diformulasikan dalam delapan variasi, yaitu 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 10%, 15%, dan 25%. Tahapan in vivo meliputi uji toksisitas dan uji proteksi menggunakan larva Galleria mellonella. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nanoemulsi minyak gaharu memiliki aktivitas antibakteri yang rendah terhadap seluruh isolat MRSA, dengan nilai MIC dan MBC >500.000 ppm. Nanoemulsi mampu menghambat pembentukan biofilm pada isolat MRSA 189, sedangkan pada isolat MRSA 47 dan MRSA PME pembentukan biofilm masih relatif tinggi. Pada uji toksisitas, nanoemulsi menunjukkan toksisitas akut yang relatif rendah terhadap larva G. mellonella. Pada uji proteksi, analisis Kaplan–Meier menunjukkan perbedaan kelangsungan hidup yang signifikan antar kelompok perlakuan (p < 0,001), dengan kelompok nanoemulsi konsentrasi 100% dan 50% masih mempertahankan sebagian kecil larva tetap hidup hingga akhir pengamatan.
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Nosocomial infections caused by Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) remain a serious healthcare concern due to their high resistance to various antibiotics and their ability to form biofilms. One promising approach to address this problem is the use of agarwood (Aquilaria malaccensis) oil, which contains bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, terpenoids, chromones, and sesquiterpenes that have been reported to possess antibacterial and antibiofilm activities. Formulating agarwood oil as a nanoemulsion is expected to enhance the activity of these bioactive compounds in inhibiting bacterial growth and biofilm formation. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of agarwood oil nanoemulsion against MRSA 47, MRSA 189, and MRSA PME isolates, as well as to assess its protective effect in Galleria mellonella larvae. Antibacterial activity was evaluated using the broth microdilution method to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC), while antibiofilm activity was assessed using a biofilm formation assay. The nanoemulsion was formulated into eight formulations containing 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 25% agarwood oil. The in vivo evaluation consisted of acute toxicity and protection assays using Galleria mellonella larvae. The results showed that the agarwood oil nanoemulsion exhibited low antibacterial activity against all MRSA isolates, with MIC and MBC values exceeding 500,000 ppm. The nanoemulsion inhibited biofilm formation in the MRSA 189 isolate, whereas biofilm formation remained relatively high in the MRSA 47 and MRSA PME isolates. In the acute toxicity assay, the nanoemulsion exhibited relatively low acute toxicity toward G. mellonella larvae. In the protection assay, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis demonstrated significant differences in survival among the treatment groups (p < 0.001), with the 100% and 50% nanoemulsion groups maintaining a small proportion of surviving larvae until the end of the observation period.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Antibakteri, Antibiofilm, Aquilaria malaccensis, MIC, MRSA, Nanoemulsi, Antibacterial, Antibiofilm, Aquilaria malaccensis, MIC, MRSA, Nanoemulsion
Subjects:	Q Science Q Science > QH Biology Q Science > QR Microbiology Q Science > QR Microbiology > QR74.8 Bacteria
Divisions:	Faculty of Science and Data Analytics (SCIENTICS) > Biology > 46201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Iqrima Qur`rota Ayun
Date Deposited:	28 Jul 2026 03:10
Last Modified:	28 Jul 2026 03:10
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/138452

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