Munir, Irfanda Miftaqul and Damayanti, Avisa (2026) Pengaruh Konsentrasi Prekursor dan Suhu Reaktor pada Sintesis Hidroksiapatit Berbasis Cangkang Keong Sawah (Pila ampullacea) dalam Reaktor Berpengaduk. Diploma thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Sintesis hidroksiapatit (HAp) berbasis biomineral terus dikembangkan sebagai biomaterial untuk aplikasi tulang dan gigi. Cangkang keong sawah (Pila ampullacea) berpotensi dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber kalsium karena memiliki kandungan kalsium karbonat yang tinggi. Namun, sebagian besar penelitian masih menggunakan metode presipitasi konvensional dengan kontrol pencampuran yang terbatas serta hanya berfokus pada karakterisasi produk akhir tanpa mengkaji hubungan antara kondisi sintesis, kinetika pembentukan, dan karakteristik hidroksiapatit. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui kinetika reaksi dan konversi pembentukan HAp menggunakan sistem reaktor berpengaduk, menganalisis pengaruh konsentrasi prekursor dan suhu reaktor terhadap karakteristik HAp, serta menganalisis pengaruh kedua parameter tersebut terhadap kinetika reaksi dan konversi. Prosedur penelitian ini diawali dengan prepasi cangkang keong sawah melalui proses pretreatment meliputi pembersihan, kalsinasi, dan hidrasi untuk menghasilkan Ca(OH)₂. Sintesis HAp dilakukan menggunakan metode presipitasi basah pada variasi konsentrasi Ca(OH)₂ 0,5; 0,8; dan 1,0 M serta temperatur 35, 50, dan 70°C, kemudian produk dipisahkan melalui filtrasi, dikeringkan, dan disintering untuk meningkatkan kristalinitas. Analisis kinetika dilakukan menggunakan titrasi kompleksometri EDTA, sedangkan karakterisasi menggunakan XRF, FTIR, XRD, SEM, dan EDX. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembentukan HAp mengikuti model kinetika pseudo-first-order dengan konstanta laju reaksi sebesar 0,0306–0,1187 menit⁻¹ dan energi aktivasi 10,86–21,18 kJ/mol. Peningkatan temperatur dan konsentrasi prekursor mempercepat laju reaksi, meningkatkan konversi dan proses nukleasi, serta menghasilkan hidroksiapatit dengan kristalinitas, homogenitas morfologi, dan komposisi unsur Ca, P, dan O yang lebih baik. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa analisis kinetika dan karakterisasi material dapat digunakan secara terpadu untuk menentukan kondisi sintesis hidroksiapatit yang optimum.
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The synthesis of biomineral-based hydroxyapatite (HAp) continues to be developed as a biomaterial for bone and dental applications. The shells of the rice field snail (Pila ampullacea) have the potential to be utilized as a source of calcium due to their high calcium carbonate content. However, most studies still employ conventional precipitation methods with limited control over mixing and focus solely on characterizing the final product without examining the relationship between synthesis conditions, formation kinetics, and hydroxyapatite characteristics. This study aims to determine the reaction kinetics and conversion of HAp formation using a stirred reactor system, analyze the effects of precursor concentration and reactor temperature on HAp characteristics, and analyze the effects of these two parameters on reaction kinetics and conversion. This research procedure began with the preparation of rice field snail shells through a pretreatment process involving cleaning, calcination, and hydration to produce Ca(OH)₂. HAp synthesis was carried out using the wet precipitation method at varying Ca(OH)₂ concentrations of 0.5, 0.8, and 1.0 M and temperatures of 35, 50, and 70°C; the products were then separated by filtration, dried, and sintered to enhance crystallinity. Kinetic analysis was performed using EDTA complexometric titration, while characterization was conducted using XRF, FTIR, XRD, SEM, and EDX. The results showed that HAp formation followed a pseudo-first-order kinetic model with reaction rate constants ranging from 0.0306 to 0.1187 min⁻¹ and activation energies ranging from 10.86 to 21.18 kJ/mol. Increases in temperature and precursor concentration accelerated the reaction rate, enhanced conversion and nucleation processes, and resulted in hydroxyapatite with improved crystallinity, morphological homogeneity, and elemental composition of Ca, P, and O. These results demonstrate that kinetic analysis and material characterization can be used in an integrated manner to determine the optimal synthesis conditions for hydroxyapatite.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Diploma) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Biomineral, Hydroxyapatite, Characterization, Reaction kinetics, Conversion, Wet precipitation, Stirred reactor, Biomineral, Hidroksiapatit, Karakterisasi, Kinetika reaksi, Konversi, Presipitasi basah, Reaktor berpengaduk. |
| Subjects: | Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD251.2 Chemistry, Organic. Biochemistry Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD502 Chemical kinetics Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD75.2 Chemistry, Analytic Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD905.2 Crystals. |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Vocational > 24305-Industrial Chemical Engineering Technology |
| Depositing User: | Avisa Damayanti |
| Date Deposited: | 28 Jul 2026 08:13 |
| Last Modified: | 28 Jul 2026 08:13 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/138772 |
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