Desain Pabrik Amonia Biru Berkapasitas 400.000 Ton/Tahun dengan Integrasi Carbon Capture Utilization (CCU) untuk Produksi Natrium Karbonat

Amanullah, Fauzan and Ramadhani, Muhammad Dhia (2026) Desain Pabrik Amonia Biru Berkapasitas 400.000 Ton/Tahun dengan Integrasi Carbon Capture Utilization (CCU) untuk Produksi Natrium Karbonat. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Kebutuhan amonia di Indonesia terus meningkat seiring pertumbuhan sektor pertanian dan industri, namun proses produksinya menghasilkan emisi CO₂ yang signifikan sehingga diperlukan teknologi yang lebih rendah karbon. Tugas Akhir ini merancang pabrik amonia biru berkapasitas 400.000 ton/tahun berbasis gas alam (umpan ±40,24 MMSCFD) dengan integrasi Carbon Capture Utilization (CCU), yang direncanakan berlokasi di kawasan CPP Senoro, Kabupaten Banggai, Sulawesi Tengah, dan beroperasi 24 jam/hari selama 330 hari/tahun. Setelah seleksi proses, teknologi Steam Methane Reforming (SMR) dipilih dibandingkan Autothermal Reforming, dan proses NaOH carbonation dipilih untuk pemanfaatan CO₂. Rangkaian proses mencakup pre-treatment dan desulfurisasi (ZnO), primary dan secondary reforming, konversi water-gas shift temperatur tinggi dan rendah (HTS/LTS), pemisahan CO₂ dengan absorpsi amina, metanasi, serta sintesis amonia; CO₂ hasil tangkapan kemudian direaksikan dengan NaOH lalu dikristalisasi dan dikeringkan menjadi natrium karbonat (Na₂CO₃). Neraca massa dan energi disusun pada kondisi steady-state menggunakan Aspen HYSYS dan Microsoft Excel, dilanjutkan perancangan dan penentuan spesifikasi peralatan utama serta kajian keselamatan proses (HAZOP). Pabrik menghasilkan 400.000 ton amonia/tahun dan 1.366.306,52 ton Na₂CO₃/tahun. Evaluasi ekonomi menunjukkan CAPEX sebesar US$371.577.349,84 dan OPEX sebesar US$760.297.508,93, dengan total pemasukan selama umur pabrik 20 tahun mencapai US$3.034.866.470. Berdasarkan tingkat suku bunga 5,65% dan inflasi 3,55%, diperoleh Internal Rate of Return (IRR) 17,05%, Pay Out Time (POT) 6,1 tahun, dan Break Even Point (BEP) 37,57%, sehingga pabrik dinilai layak secara teknis dan ekonomis. Integrasi CCU ini mendukung penerapan circular carbon economy serta target dekarbonisasi industri kimia di Indonesia.
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The demand for ammonia in Indonesia continues to rise alongside the growth of the agricultural and industrial sectors, while its production generates significant CO₂ emissions, necessitating lower-carbon technology. This Final Project designs a blue ammonia plant with a capacity of 400,000 tons/year based on natural gas (feed of approximately 40.24 MMSCFD) integrated with Carbon Capture Utilization (CCU), planned to be located in the CPP Senoro area, Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi, operating 24 hours/day for 330 days/year. Following process selection, Steam Methane Reforming (SMR) was chosen over Autothermal Reforming, and the NaOH carbonation process was selected for CO₂ utilization. The process train comprises pre-treatment and desulfurization (ZnO), primary and secondary reforming, high- and low-temperature water-gas shift conversion (HTS/LTS), CO₂ separation via amine absorption, methanation, and ammonia synthesis; the captured CO₂ is then reacted with NaOH, crystallized, and dried into sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃). Mass and energy balances were established under steady-state conditions using Aspen HYSYS and Microsoft Excel, followed by the design and specification of major equipment and a process safety review (HAZOP). The plant produces 400,000 tons of ammonia/year and 1,366,306.52 tons of Na₂CO₃/year. The economic evaluation yields a CAPEX of US$371,577,349.84 and an OPEX of US$760,297,508.93, with total revenue over the 20-year plant life reaching US$3,034,866,470. Based on a bank interest rate of 5.65% and an inflation rate of 3.55%, the plant achieves an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 17.05%, a Pay Out Time (POT) of 6.1 years, and a Break Even Point (BEP) of 37.57%, indicating that the plant is technically and economically feasible. This CCU integration supports the implementation of a circular carbon economy and the decarbonization targets of Indonesia's chemical industry.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Amonia Biru, Steam Methane Reforming, Carbon Capture Utilization, Natrium Karbonat, Analisis Ekonomi, Blue Ammonia, Sodium Carbonate, Economic Analysis
Subjects:	T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP155.5 Chemical plants--Design and construction
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology > Chemical Engineering > 24201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Fauzan Amanullah
Date Deposited:	29 Jul 2026 01:41
Last Modified:	29 Jul 2026 01:41
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/138820

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