Desain Pabrik Green Diesel Dari Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) Melalui Proses Hidrodeoksigenasi Dengan Katalis Ni/SBA15

Asih, Najdah Eka Salmaa Putri Tyas and Zhafirah, Nabila Tsaqif (2026) Desain Pabrik Green Diesel Dari Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) Melalui Proses Hidrodeoksigenasi Dengan Katalis Ni/SBA15. Other thesis, Insitut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Kebutuhan Bahan Bakar Minyak (BBM) di Indonesia semakin meningkat tiap tahun nya, hal ini tidak sejalan dengan cadangan energi fosil di Indonesia yang semakin menipis. Untuk memenuhi kapasitas energi domestik berkelanjutan, diperlukan adanya penggantian bahan bakar yang lebih ramah lingkungan dan bersifat sustainable untuk memastikan ketahanan energi nasional di masa depan. Kementerian ESDM sudah mengembangkan dan mengimplementasi penggunaan bahan bakar ramah lingkungan dari campuran solar dan Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) atau biodiesel yang direncanakan akan mencapai B40. Tetapi, biodiesel rentan terhadap oksidasi dan kontaminasi, serta memiliki nilai energi yang lebih rendah dibanding diesel. Green diesel atau biodiesel generasi kedua (G2) dinilai lebih efektif karena memiliki stabilitas termal dan cetane number yang lebih tinggi, sehingga sifat fisik dan kimianya lebih dekat dengan diesel daripada biodiesel. Selain itu, emisi gas buang dari pembakaran green diesel lebih rendah daripada diesel, sehingga lebih baik untuk lingkungan. Pabrik green diesel ini akan memanfaatkan Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) sebagai bahan baku, dengan kapasitas 140.000 ton/tahun yang akan didirikan di Kabupaten Simalungun, Sumatera Utara, tepatnya di Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus (KEK) Sei Mangkei. PFAD merupakan produk sampingan dari penyulingan minyak sawit mentah (CPO) dengan ketersediaan yang melimpah di Indonesia mencapai 2,38 juta ton. Proses pembuatan green diesel terdiri dari 3 tahapan, yaitu persiapan bahan baku, reaksi hidrodeoksigenasi, serta pemisahan dan pemurnian green diesel. Reaksi hidrodeoksigenasi ini terdiri dari seruntutan reaksi, yaitu hidrodeoksigenasi (HDO), dekarboksilasi (DCO2) dan dekarbonilasi (DCO) yang disebut hidrodeoksigenasi (HDO) karena membutuhkan gas hidrogen untuk reaksinya. Reaksi ini terjadi didalam reaktor fixed bed multitube pada suhu 350°C dan tekanan 40 atm dengan bantuan katalis Ni/SBA15. Berdasarkan analisis perhitugan ekonomi yang telah dilakukan, didapatkan penaksiran modal (CAPEX) sebesar Rp 1.458.709.920.993 dan biaya operasional (OPEX) sebesar Rp3.117.211.649.110. Estimasi umur pabrik adalah 10 tahun. Dari perhitungan didapatkan nilai IRR sebesar 31,34%, dengan POT selama 4,471 tahun, dan BEP sebesar 35,95%. NPV yang didapatkan bernilai positif, yaitu sebesar Rp 1.710.288.845.664. Dari hasil analisis dan perhitungan yang telah dilakukan, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa pabrik green diesel ini menguntungkan dan layak untuk didirikan.
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Indonesia's demand for fuel oil (BBM) continues to increase annually, while the country's fossil energy reserves are steadily declining. To ensure a sustainable domestic energy supply, it is necessary to develop alternative fuels that are environmentally friendly and sustainable, thereby supporting national energy security in the future. The Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (ESDM) has developed and implemented the use of environmentally friendly fuels through blending diesel fuel with Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME), commonly known as biodiesel, with a target blend of B40. However, biodiesel is susceptible to oxidation and contamination and possesses a lower energy content than conventional diesel fuel. Green diesel, also known as second-generation biodiesel (G2), is considered a more effective alternative due to its higher thermal stability and cetane number, resulting in physical and chemical properties that are more similar to those of petroleum diesel than biodiesel. Furthermore, the exhaust emissions generated from green diesel combustion are lower than those from conventional diesel, making it a more environmentally friendly fuel. This green diesel plant utilizes Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) as the primary feedstock, with a production capacity of 140,000 tons per year. The plant is planned to be established in Simalungun Regency, North Sumatra, specifically within the Sei Mangkei Special Economic Zone (SEZ). PFAD is a by-product of crude palm oil (CPO) refining and is abundantly available in Indonesia, with an annual production reaching 2.38 million tons. The green diesel production process consists of three main stages: feedstock preparation, hydrodeoxygenation reaction, and green diesel separation and purification. The hydrodeoxygenation process involves a series of reactions, namely hydrodeoxygenation (HDO), decarboxylation (DCO₂), and decarbonylation (DCO). These reactions are collectively referred to as hydrodeoxygenation because they require hydrogen gas as a reactant. The reactions take place in a fixed-bed multitubular reactor at a temperature of 350°C and a pressure of 40 atm using a Ni/SBA-15 catalyst. Based on the economic analysis conducted, the estimated capital expenditure (CAPEX) is IDR 1.458.709.920.993, while the operational expenditure (OPEX) is IDR 3.117.211.649.110. The projected plant lifetime is 10 years. The economic evaluation resulted in an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 31,34%, a Pay-Out Time (POT) of 4,471 years, and a Break-Even Point (BEP) of 35.95%. In addition, the Net Present Value (NPV) is positive, amounting to IDR 1.710.288.845.664. Based on the results of the technical and economic analyses, it can be concluded that the proposed green diesel plant is profitable and economically feasible to be established.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Green Diesel, Palm Fatty Acid Distillate, Hidrodeoksigenasi
Subjects:	T Technology > TP Chemical technology T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP155.5 Chemical plants--Design and construction T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP359.B46 Biodiesel fuels.
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Chemical Engineering > 24201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Nabila Tsaqif Zhafirah
Date Deposited:	29 Jul 2026 02:29
Last Modified:	29 Jul 2026 02:29
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/139012

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