Raharja, Andhika Bima (2026) Studi Eksperimental Dan Numerik Pengaruh Dua Filler Pada PCM Komposit Terhadap Karakteristik Termal Baterai Litium-Ion Tipe 18650: Studi Kasus Material Pasir Hitam dan Alumunium Powder. Other thesis, Institut Tekknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Baterai lithium-ion tipe 18650 banyak digunakan pada kendaraan listrik karena memiliki densitas energi yang tinggi, namun menghasilkan panas selama proses operasi yang dapat meningkatkan temperatur kerja dan menurunkan performa maupun umur pakai baterai. Salah satu metode pendinginan pasif yang banyak dikembangkan adalah penggunaan Phase Change Material (PCM) berbasis paraffin wax. Akan tetapi, rendahnya konduktivitas termal parafin membatasi kemampuan perpindahan panas sehingga diperlukan modifikasi menggunakan material filler. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh kombinasi pasir hitam dan aluminium powder terhadap karakteristik termal PCM komposit serta mengevaluasi performanya sebagai sistem Battery Thermal Management System (BTMS) pada baterai lithium-ion tipe 18650 melalui pendekatan eksperimen dan simulasi numerik. Karakterisasi sifat termal PCM dilakukan menggunakan metode Transient Plane Source (TPS), sedangkan pengujian pendinginan baterai dilakukan dengan metode constant current discharge 3C menggunakan battery tester. Hasil eksperimen digunakan sebagai acuan validasi simulasi Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) menggunakan ANSYS Fluent. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan filler meningkatkan konduktivitas termal PCM dari 0,358 W/m·K pada PCM murni menjadi maksimum 0,950 W/m·K pada variasi PH:AL 0:5, disertai peningkatan difusivitas termal dan kapasitas kalor volumetrik. Pada pengujian eksperimen, penggunaan PCM mampu menurunkan temperatur maksimum baterai dari 61,9°C pada kondisi natural convection menjadi 52,3°C pada PCM murni maupun PCM komposit PH:AL 3:2. Hasil validasi menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan Multiphase Model memberikan tingkat kesesuaian yang lebih baik terhadap data eksperimen dibandingkan pendekatan Solidification and Melting. Analisis numerik menunjukkan bahwa seluruh variasi PCM komposit menghasilkan peningkatan Cooling Effectiveness dibandingkan PCM murni, sedangkan Storage Enhancement meningkat pada hampir seluruh variasi kecuali PH:AL 5:0. Berdasarkan keseluruhan hasil penelitian, variasi PH:AL 0:5 direkomendasikan sebagai komposisi terbaik untuk aplikasi pendinginan baterai karena menghasilkan temperatur baterai terendah dan nilai Cooling Effectiveness tertinggi.
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Lithium-ion 18650 batteries are widely employed in electric vehicles due to their high energy density; however, significant heat generation during operation can increase the operating temperature, thereby reducing battery performance, safety, and service life. One of the most promising passive cooling techniques is the application of paraffin-based Phase Change Materials (PCMs). Nevertheless, the inherently low thermal conductivity of paraffin limits its heat transfer capability, making thermal conductivity enhancement essential through the incorporation of conductive fillers. This study aims to investigate the effect of hybrid black sand and aluminum powder fillers on the thermophysical properties of composite PCM and to evaluate its performance as a Battery Thermal Management System (BTMS) for lithium-ion 18650 batteries using combined experimental and numerical approaches. The thermophysical properties of the composite PCM were characterized using the Transient Plane Source (TPS) method, while battery cooling performance was experimentally evaluated under a 3C constant-current discharge using a battery tester. The experimental data were subsequently employed to validate a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model developed in ANSYS Fluent. The results demonstrate that filler incorporation increased the thermal conductivity of PCM from 0.358 W/m·K for pure paraffin to a maximum of 0.950 W/m·K for the PH:AL 0:5 composition, accompanied by improvements in thermal diffusivity and volumetric heat capacity. Experimental testing showed that PCM cooling reduced the maximum battery temperature from 61.9°C under natural convection to 52.3°C for both pure PCM and the PH:AL 3:2 composite PCM. Model validation indicated that the Multiphase Model provided better agreement with the experimental data than the Solidification and Melting approach. Furthermore, numerical analysis revealed that all composite PCM configurations improved Cooling Effectiveness relative to pure PCM, whereas Storage Enhancement increased for nearly all compositions except PH:AL 5:0. Considering the overall thermophysical characteristics and cooling performance, the PH:AL 0:5 composition is recommended as the optimum composite PCM due to its superior battery cooling capability and the highest Cooling Effectiveness.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Phase Change Material (PCM), Baterai lithium-ion 18650, Battery Thermal Management System (BTMS), Pasir Hitam, Aluminium Powder, Phase Change Material (PCM), lithium-ion 18650 Battery, Battery Thermal Management System (BTMS), Black Sand, Aluminum Powder |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ265.E23 Thermodynamics. |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology > Mechanical Engineering > 21201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Andhika Bima Raharja |
| Date Deposited: | 29 Jul 2026 01:23 |
| Last Modified: | 29 Jul 2026 01:23 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/139039 |
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