Pengolahan Limbah Dapur Makan Bergizi Gratis (MBG) Untuk Menghasilkan Biogas Menggunakan Plug Flow Anaerobic Bioreactor

Efendi, Fitria Rizqi and Izzati, Muthia Nurul (2026) Pengolahan Limbah Dapur Makan Bergizi Gratis (MBG) Untuk Menghasilkan Biogas Menggunakan Plug Flow Anaerobic Bioreactor. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Program Makanan Bergizi Gratis (MBG) meningkatkan jumlah food waste di Indonesia. Pengelolaan limbah MBG yang dibuang ke tempat pembuangan akhir (TPA) menghasilkan gas metana (CH₄) dan karbon dioksida (CO₂) yang berdampak terhadap efek rumah kaca dan perubahan iklim. Anaerobic digestion merupakan metode yang efektif untuk mengolah limbah organik dan menghasilkan biogas sebagai energi terbarukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis karakteristik kandungan kimia limbah dapur MBG berupa limbah kangkung, kulit pisang, dan campuran keduanya sebagai substrat produksi biogas, mengevaluasi pengaruh variasi substrat terhadap produksi biogas menggunakan Plug flow anaerobic bioreactor secara kontinu dengan Hydraulic retention time (HRT) selama 20 hari dan perbandingan substrat 1:1, serta menentukan variasi substrat terbaik berdasarkan volume, yield, dan kualitas biogas. Penelitian dilakukan melalui tahap pre-treatment, persiapan inokulum dan substrat, fermentasi, karakterisasi bahan baku, analisis volume dan kandungan biogas, uji nyala, uji FTIR, serta evaluasi. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan komposisi kimia substrat memengaruhi proses anaerobic digestion. Limbah kulit pisang memiliki potensi biodegradasi tertinggi dengan Total solids (TS) 21,40%, Volatile solids (VS) 92,53%, dan rasio C/N 28,49, sedangkan limbah kangkung memiliki kadar air tertinggi sebesar 87,78%. Variasi substrat memengaruhi produksi biogas, dengan rata-rata volume tertinggi pada limbah kulit pisang sebesar 55,43 L. Yield biogas tertinggi diperoleh pada substrat campuran limbah kangkung dan kulit pisang sebesar 0,195 L/g VS. Analisis kualitas biogas menunjukkan bahwa substrat campuran menghasilkan kandungan CH₄ tertinggi sebesar 52,50% dan CO₂ terendah sebesar 30,64%. Berdasarkan volume produksi dan kualitas biogas, substrat campuran limbah kangkung dan kulit pisang merupakan variasi terbaik untuk produksi biogas menggunakan Plug flow anaerobic bioreactor.
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The Free Nutritious Food Program (MBG) increases the amount of food waste in Indonesia. The management of MBG waste disposed of in landfills (TPA) produces methane (CH₄) and carbon dioxide (CO₂), which contribute to the greenhouse effect and climate change. Anaerobic digestion is an effective method for treating organic waste and producing biogas as a renewable energy source. This study aims to analyze the chemical composition of MBG kitchen waste specifically water spinach waste, banana peels, and a mixture of both as substrates for biogas production; to evaluate the effect of substrate variations on biogas production using a continuous Plug flow anaerobic bioreactor with a Hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 20 days and a substrate ratio of 1:1; and to determine the optimal substrate mixture based on biogas volume, yield, and quality. The study involved the following stages pretreatment, preparation of the inoculum and substrate, fermentation, characterization of the raw materials, analysis of biogas volume and composition, flame test, FTIR analysis, and evaluation. The results showed that differences in the chemical composition of the substrate affect the anaerobic digestion process. Banana peel waste has the highest biodegradation potential, with Total solids (TS) of 21.40%, Volatile solids (VS) of 92.53%, and a C/N ratio of 28.49, while water spinach waste has the highest moisture content at 87.77%. Substrate variations affected biogas production, with the highest average volume observed in banana peel waste at 55.43 L. The highest biogas yield was obtained from a mixed substrate of water spinach and banana peel waste at 0.195 L/g VS. Biogas quality analysis showed that the mixed substrate produced the highest CH₄ content at 52.50% and the lowest CO₂ content at 30.64%. Based on biogas production volume and quality, the mixed substrate of water spinach waste and banana peel was the best option for biogas production using a Plug flow anaerobic bioreactor.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Anaerobic digestion, Biogas, Food Waste, Makan Bergizi Gratis (MBG), Plug Flow Reactor.============================================================================================================================================================================ Free Nutritious Food Program (MBG), Food Waste, Anaerobic digestion, Biogas, Plug Flow Reactor.
Subjects:	T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP359 Biogas
Divisions:	Faculty of Vocational > 24305-Industrial Chemical Engineering Technology
Depositing User:	Muthia Nurul Izzati
Date Deposited:	30 Jul 2026 01:23
Last Modified:	30 Jul 2026 01:23
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/139077

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