Pengembangan Instrumen Pengukuran Emisi Karbon Portabel Pada Forklift Berlandaskan Kerangka Standar ISO Di Terminal Petikemas

Sianturi, William Noah Marthin (2026) Pengembangan Instrumen Pengukuran Emisi Karbon Portabel Pada Forklift Berlandaskan Kerangka Standar ISO Di Terminal Petikemas. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Emisi gas rumah kaca dari armada forklift di terminal petikemas merupakan salah satu sumber emisi operasional yang signifikan, namun praktik kuantifikasinya di pelabuhan Indonesia masih umumnya mengandalkan default emission factor dari literatur internasional tanpa verifikasi lapangan yang memadai. Kondisi tersebut menimbulkan ketidakpastian pada inventori emisi serta berpotensi menurunkan akurasi dasar teknis dalam penyusunan strategi dekarbonisasi pelabuhan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan instrumen pengukuran emisi karbon portabel pada forklift di Terminal Petikemas Surabaya dengan berlandaskan kerangka standar ISO 8178 untuk pengukuran emisi gas buang mesin non-road dan ISO 14064 untuk kuantifikasi serta pelaporan emisi gas rumah kaca. Instrumen yang dikembangkan berupa portable gas analyzer untuk pengukuran CO_2 dan CH_4, yang diterapkan pada tiga kategori kapasitas forklift, yaitu 3 ton, 5 ton, dan 7 ton, melalui pengukuran langsung pada kondisi operasi aktual. Data konsentrasi gas buang selanjutnya dikonversi menjadi site-specific emission factor berbasis energi menggunakan pendekatan bottom-up activity-based dengan mempertimbangkan debit gas buang, daya efektif mesin, dan pembobotan mode operasi idle serta lifting. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor emisi CO_2e site-specific pada skenario B40 berada pada rentang 230,62–297,57 g CO_2e/kWh, dengan rata-rata agregat armada sebesar 266,76 g CO_2e/kWh. Inventori emisi tahunan armada forklift diesel menghasilkan 9,80 ton CO_2e/tahun untuk B0, 8,99 ton CO_2e/tahun untuk B35, dan 8,30 ton CO_2e/tahun untuk B40. Kuantifikasi ketidakpastian melalui simulasi Monte Carlo 10.000 iterasi menghasilkan confidence interval 90% sebesar ±0,145 ton CO_2 e/tahun, yang menunjukkan stabilitas numerik model inventori yang baik. Selanjutnya, evaluasi alternatif teknologi menggunakan AHP-TOPSIS menunjukkan bahwa forklift elektrik memperoleh nilai preferensi tertinggi sebesar 0,6061 dibandingkan diesel B0, B35, dan B40. Kontribusi ilmiah penelitian ini terletak pada pengembangan instrumen ukur emisi portabel berbasis kerangka ISO yang adaptif terhadap kondisi operasional pelabuhan Indonesia, sekaligus penyediaan metodologi inventori emisi site-specific yang dapat menjadi dasar teknis bagi sistem monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV) dan strategi dekarbonisasi forklift di terminal petikemas.
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Greenhouse gas emissions from forklift fleets in container terminals constitute a significant source of operational emissions, yet their quantification in Indonesian ports still largely relies on default emission factors from international literature without adequate field verification. This condition introduces uncertainty into emission inventories and may weaken the technical basis for port decarbonization strategies. This study aims to develop a portable carbon emission measurement instrument for forklifts at the Surabaya Container Terminal, grounded in the ISO 8178 framework for non-road engine exhaust emission measurement and ISO 14064 for greenhouse gas quantification and reporting. The developed instrument is a portable gas analyzer for CO_2 and CH_4 measurement, applied to three forklift capacity categories, namely 3 ton, 5 ton, and 7 ton, through direct measurement under actual operating conditions. The measured exhaust gas concentration data were converted into energy-based site-specific emission factors using a bottom-up activity-based approach by incorporating exhaust flow rate, effective engine power, and the weighting of idle and lifting operating modes. The results show that the site-specific CO_2 e emission factor for the B40 scenario ranges from 230,62 to 297,57 g CO_2 e/kWh, with a fleet-average value of 266,76 g CO_2 e/kWh. The annual emission inventory of the diesel forklift fleet is 9,80 ton CO_2 e/year for B0, 8,99 ton CO_2 e/year for B35, and 8,30 ton CO_2 e/year for B40. Uncertainty quantification using a 10.000-iteration Monte Carlo simulation yields a 90% confidence interval of ±0,145 ton CO_2 e/year, indicating good numerical stability of the inventory model. Furthermore, the AHP-TOPSIS evaluation shows that electric forklifts obtain the highest preference value of 0,6061 compared with diesel B0, B35, and B40 alternatives. The scientific contribution of this study lies in the development of a portable emission measurement instrument based on the ISO framework that is adaptable to Indonesian port operational conditions, while also providing a site-specific emission inventory methodology that can serve as a technical basis for monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV) systems and forklift decarbonization strategies in container terminals.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	forklift, portable gas analyzer, ISO 8178, ISO 14064, site-specific emission factor, forklift, portable gas analyzer, ISO 8178, ISO 14064, site-specific emission factor
Subjects:	V Naval Science > VK > VK235 Cargo handling. V Naval Science > VK > VK358 Marine terminals V Naval Science > VM Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering > VM276.A1 Fuel (Including supplies, costs, etc.) V Naval Science > VM Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering > VM731 Marine Engines
Divisions:	Faculty of Marine Technology (MARTECH) > Marine Engineering > 36202-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	William Noah Marthin Sianturi
Date Deposited:	01 Aug 2026 05:06
Last Modified:	01 Aug 2026 05:06
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/139142

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