Desain Pabrik Kristal Minyak Nilam dari Daun Nilam Menggunakan Metode Steam Distillation

Ranti, Aisya Shofia and Shalhi, Shafira Salsabila (2026) Desain Pabrik Kristal Minyak Nilam dari Daun Nilam Menggunakan Metode Steam Distillation. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Patchouli Alcohol (PA) merupakan senyawa seskuiterpen yang merupakan komponen utama dalam minyak nilam (Pogostemon cablin). Berdasarkan data ekspor minyak nilam Indonesia, kebutuhan di pasar global terus mengalami peningkatan, sementara produk yang dihasilkan di dalam negeri masih berupa minyak nilam mentah dengan kemurnian PA rendah. Pembangunan pabrik patchouli alcohol dengan kemurnian hingga 99% atau pabrik kristal minyak nilam diharapkan dapat meningkatkan nilai tambah komoditas nilam Indonesia sekaligus memenuhi kebutuhan industri dalam negeri. Bahan baku produksi adalah daun nilam segar yang diperoleh dari petani nilam lokal. Metode yang digunakan untuk proses produksi diseleksi menggunakan metode AHP dan metode yang dipilih adalah steam distillation. Proses produksi dimulai dengan ekstraksi minyak nilam menggunakan steam distillation untuk memisahkan minyak atsiri dari daun nilam. Selanjutnya dilakukan pemurnian menggunakan vacuum distillation untuk memisahkan fraksi-fraksi komponen minyak nilam berdasarkan perbedaan titik didih pada tekanan rendah sehingga menghasilkan konsentrat patchouli alcohol. Kemudian dilanjutkan dengan proses coolling crystallization untuk mengkristalkan patchouli alcohol sehingga diperoleh produk dengan kemurnian hingga 99% yang memenuhi standar industri internasional. Pabrik patchouli alcohol ini akan dibangun di Kabupaten Kolaka Timur, Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara yang berdekatan dengan sumber bahan baku. Pabrik ini akan beroperasi selama 15 tahun dimana menghasilkan IRR sebesar 22,54%, NPV sebesar Rp 1.003.825.902.038,78 (bernilai positif), dengan pengembalian modal pabrik selama 4 tahun.
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Patchouli Alcohol (PA) is a sesquiterpene compound and the major constituent of patchouli oil (Pogostemon cablin). Based on Indonesia's patchouli oil export data, global demand has continued to increase, while domestically produced patchouli oil is still predominantly marketed as crude oil with a relatively low Patchouli Alcohol content. The establishment of a patchouli alcohol production plant capable of producing crystals with a purity of up to 99% is expected to enhance the added value of Indonesia's patchouli commodity while meeting the demand of domestic industries. The primary raw material used in this process is fresh patchouli leaves sourced from local farmers. The production process was selected using the (AHP) method, with steam distillation identified as the most suitable alternative. The process begins with the extraction of patchouli oil from fresh patchouli leaves through steam distillation to separate the essential oil from the plant material. The crude patchouli oil is subsequently purified by vacuum distillation, which separates its components based on differences in boiling points under reduced pressure, producing a concentrated Patchouli Alcohol fraction. The concentrated product is then subjected to cooling crystallization to obtain Patchouli Alcohol crystals with a purity of up to 99%, meeting international industrial quality standards. The proposed plant will be located in East Kolaka Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province, close to the raw material source to ensure a stable supply and reduce transportation costs. The plant designed for an operational lifetime of 15 years and demonstrates favorable economic feasibility, with an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 22,54%, a positive Net Present Value (NPV) of IDR 1.003.825.902.038,78 and a Payback Period of 4 years.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Patchouli Alcohol, Minyak Nilam, Steam Distillation, Vacuum Distillation, Cooling Crystallization Patchouli Alcohol, Patchouli Oil, Steam Distillation, Vacuum Distillation, Cooling Crystallization.
Subjects:	R Medicine > RV Botanic, Thomsonian, and eclectic medicine T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP155.5 Chemical plants--Design and construction T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP156 Crystallization. Extraction (Chemistry). Fermentation. Distillation. Emulsions. T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP159.S4 Separators (Machine)
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Chemical Engineering > 24201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Shafira Salsabila Shalhi
Date Deposited:	29 Jul 2026 02:50
Last Modified:	29 Jul 2026 02:50
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/139224

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