Hendratmo, R. Ariobhagaskara Yunus (2026) Studi Eksperimental Dan Numerik Pengaruh Dua Filler Pada PCM Komposit: Studi Kasus Untuk Material Grafit Dan Tembaga. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
![[thumbnail of 5007221235-Undergraduate_Thesis.pdf]](http://repository.its.ac.id/style/images/fileicons/text.png) |
Text
5007221235-Undergraduate_Thesis.pdf Restricted to Repository staff only Download (8MB) | Request a copy |
Abstract
Peningkatan penggunaan baterai lithium-ion pada kendaraan listrik menyebabkan sistem manajemen termal menjadi aspek penting karena temperatur operasi yang tinggi dapat mempercepat degradasi baterai dan menurunkan umur pakainya. Salah satu metode pendinginan pasif yang banyak dikembangkan adalah penggunaan Phase Change Material (PCM). Namun, rendahnya konduktivitas termal parafin membatasi kemampuan perpindahan panas sehingga diperlukan penambahan material pengisi (filler) berkonduktivitas termal tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh penambahan grafit dan tembaga terhadap karakteristik termofisika PCM serta mengevaluasi performanya sebagai sistem manajemen termal baterai lithium-ion 18650 pada kondisi constant current discharge 3C.
Penelitian dilakukan melalui pendekatan eksperimen dan simulasi numerik. Karakteristik termofisika PCM komposit ditentukan menggunakan metode Transient Plane Source (TPS) dengan alat BAXIT DRS, sedangkan performa pendinginan diuji pada baterai lithium-ion 18650 yang dibungkus PCM setebal 3 mm. Simulasi numerik dilakukan menggunakan model Solidification-Melting dan Multiphase Mixture, kemudian divalidasi terhadap hasil eksperimen menggunakan parameter RMSE dan NRMSE.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variasi Gr4:Cu1 menghasilkan karakteristik termofisika terbaik dengan konduktivitas termal sebesar 0,6343 W/m·K dan volumetric heat capacity sebesar 0,8457 MJ/m³·K, sedangkan difusivitas termal tertinggi diperoleh pada variasi Gr5:Cu0 sebesar 0,7967 mm²/s. Pada pengujian eksperimen, variasi Gr1:Cu1 mampu menurunkan temperatur maksimum baterai dari 61,9°C menjadi 51,0°C, dengan Cooling Effectiveness sebesar 17,61%. Hasil validasi menunjukkan bahwa model Solidification-Melting memiliki tingkat kesesuaian yang lebih baik dibandingkan model Multiphase Mixture dengan nilai RMSE sebesar 1,8498°C dan NRMSE sebesar 7,2876%. Berdasarkan hasil simulasi, variasi Gr4:Cu1 memberikan performa pendinginan terbaik dengan temperatur maksimum baterai sebesar 52,05°C dan Cooling Effectiveness sebesar 0,82%, sedangkan variasi Gr3:Cu2 menghasilkan kemampuan penyimpanan energi termal terbaik dengan nilai Storage Enhancement sebesar 2,97%. Secara keseluruhan, variasi Gr4:Cu1 dipilih sebagai komposisi PCM terbaik karena memberikan keseimbangan optimal antara peningkatan perpindahan panas dan kemampuan penyimpanan energi termal.
========================================================================================================================
The increasing use of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles has made thermal management an essential aspect because excessive operating temperatures can accelerate battery degradation and reduce its service life. One of the most widely developed passive cooling methods is the application of Phase Change Materials (PCM). However, the low thermal conductivity of paraffin limits its heat transfer capability, making the addition of high thermal conductivity fillers necessary. This study aims to investigate the effect of graphite and copper additions on the thermophysical properties of PCM and evaluate their performance as a thermal management system for 18650 lithium-ion batteries under a 3C constant-current discharge condition.
This research employed both experimental and numerical approaches. The thermophysical properties of PCM composites were characterized using the Transient Plane Source (TPS) method with a BAXIT DRS instrument, while the cooling performance was experimentally evaluated using an 18650 lithium-ion battery encapsulated with a 3 mm thick PCM layer. Numerical simulations were conducted using the Solidification-Melting and Multiphase Mixture models. The simulation results were validated against the experimental data using the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Normalized Root Mean Square Error (NRMSE).
The results showed that the Gr4:Cu1 composition exhibited the best thermophysical properties, with a thermal conductivity of 0.6343 W/m·K and a volumetric heat capacity of 0.8457 MJ/m³·K, while the highest thermal diffusivity of 0.7967 mm²/s was achieved by the Gr5:Cu0 composition. Experimentally, the Gr1:Cu1 composite reduced the maximum battery temperature from 61.9°C to 51.0°C, corresponding to a cooling effectiveness of 17.61%. The validation results indicated that the Solidification-Melting model provided better agreement with the experimental results than the Multiphase Mixture model, with an RMSE of 1.8498°C and an NRMSE of 7.2876%. Based on the numerical analysis, the Gr4:Cu1 composition exhibited the best cooling performance, achieving the lowest maximum battery temperature of 52.05°C and the highest cooling effectiveness of 0.82%, whereas the Gr3:Cu2 composition demonstrated the best thermal energy storage capability with a storage enhancement of 2.97%. Overall, the Gr4:Cu1 composition was identified as the optimum PCM composite because it provided the best balance between heat transfer enhancement and thermal energy storage capability for the thermal management of 18650 lithium-ion batteries.
Actions (login required)
 |
View Item |