Studi Numerik Energy Harvesting dari Getaran Rel Kereta Menggunakan Piezoelectric Cantilever dengan Variasi Tip Mass dan Jumlah Piezoelectric

Fanto, Raymond Dwi (2026) Studi Numerik Energy Harvesting dari Getaran Rel Kereta Menggunakan Piezoelectric Cantilever dengan Variasi Tip Mass dan Jumlah Piezoelectric. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

Text 5007221141-Undergraduate_Thesis.pdf - Accepted Version Restricted to Repository staff only Download (6MB) | Request a copy

Abstract

Getaran rel kereta api akibat beban dinamis kereta yang melintas memiliki potensi sebagai sumber energi mekanik yang dapat dikonversi menjadi energi listrik melalui sistem piezoelectric energy harvesting. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis secara numerik pengaruh variasi tip mass dan jumlah cantilever piezoelectric terhadap respons getaran, tegangan mekanik, serta keluaran listrik yang dihasilkan. Sistem yang digunakan berupa cantilever piezoelectric berbahan PVDF dengan variasi tip mass sebesar 0,8 gram, 1,0 gram, dan 1,2 gram, serta variasi jumlah cantilever piezoelectric yang disusun secara seri sebanyak 1, 5, dan 10 buah. Metode penelitian dilakukan melalui pemodelan sistem 3-DOF menggunakan MATLAB untuk memperoleh percepatan vertikal rel berdasarkan profil track irregularity UIC, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan simulasi modal analysis dan harmonic response menggunakan ANSYS. Hasil ANSYS digunakan untuk memperoleh frekuensi natural dan tegangan mekanik (stress) pada cantilever, sedangkan perhitungan keluaran listrik dilakukan berdasarkan respons pada frekuensi eksitasi rel ketika dilintasi kereta api sebesar 9,7996 Hz. Keluaran listrik dianalisis dalam bentuk tegangan, daya, dan arus DC setelah melalui rangkaian full-wave bridge rectifier menggunakan dioda Schottky 1N5819. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa penambahan tip mass menurunkan frekuensi natural cantilever piezoelectric dari 13,125 Hz pada variasi 0,8 gram menjadi 10,730 Hz pada variasi 1,2 gram, sehingga semakin mendekati frekuensi eksitasi rel. Kondisi ini meningkatkan tegangan mekanik dari 27,467 MPa menjadi 96,783 MPa, dengan nilai terbesar terjadi pada variasi tip mass 1,2 gram. Pada satu cantilever piezoelectric, tegangan DC meningkat dari 0,4224 V menjadi 3,4143 V, sedangkan daya DC meningkat dari 0,0670 µW menjadi 4,3787 µW. Penambahan jumlah cantilever piezoelectric seri juga meningkatkan keluaran total, dengan nilai tertinggi pada konfigurasi tip mass 1,2 gram dan 10 cantilever piezoelectric, yaitu tegangan DC 41,0127 V, daya DC 63,1766 µW, dan arus DC 1,5404 µA. Dengan demikian, penambahan tip mass dan susunan seri cantilever piezoelectric dapat meningkatkan performa energy harvesting, terutama pada tegangan dan daya, meskipun arus keluaran masih terbatas akibat tingginya impedansi internal cantilever piezoelectric.
=======================================================================================================================================
Railway track vibrations caused by the dynamic loads of passing trains have the potential to serve as a mechanical energy source that can be converted into electrical energy through a piezoelectric energy harvesting system. This study aims to numerically analyze the effects of tip mass variation and the number of piezoelectric cantilevers on vibration response, mechanical stress, and the generated electrical output. The system used in this study is a PVDF-based piezoelectric cantilever with tip mass variations of 0.8 grams, 1.0 gram, and 1.2 grams, as well as variations in the number of series-connected piezoelectric cantilevers of 1, 5, and 10 units. The research method was conducted by modeling a 3-DOF system using MATLAB to obtain the vertical rail acceleration based on the UIC track irregularity profile, followed by modal analysis and harmonic response simulation using ANSYS. The ANSYS results were used to obtain the natural frequency and mechanical stress of the cantilever, while the electrical output calculation was performed based on the response at the rail excitation frequency when passed by a train, which was 9.7996 Hz. The electrical output was analyzed in terms of DC voltage, power, and current after passing through a full-wave bridge rectifier circuit using a 1N5819 Schottky diode. The simulation results show that the addition of tip mass decreases the natural frequency of the piezoelectric cantilever from 13.125 Hz at a tip mass variation of 0.8 grams to 10.730 Hz at a tip mass variation of 1.2 grams, bringing it closer to the rail excitation frequency. This condition increases the mechanical stress from 27.467 MPa to 96.783 MPa, with the highest value occurring at the 1.2-gram tip mass variation. For a single piezoelectric cantilever, the DC voltage increases from 0.4224 V to 3.4143 V, while the DC power increases from 0.0670 µW to 4.3787 µW. Increasing the number of series-connected piezoelectric cantilevers also increases the total output, with the highest value obtained in the configuration of a 1.2-gram tip mass and 10 piezoelectric cantilevers, resulting in a DC voltage of 41.0127 V, DC power of 63.1766 µW, and DC current of 1.5404 µA. Therefore, the addition of tip mass and the series configuration of piezoelectric cantilevers can improve the performance of energy harvesting, particularly in terms of voltage and power, although the output current remains limited due to the high internal impedance of the piezoelectric cantilever.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	cantilever piezoelectric, energy harvesting, full-wave rectifier bridge, PVDF, tip mass,cantilever piezoelectric, energy harvesting, full-wave rectifier bridge , PVDF, tip mass
Subjects:	T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ808 Renewable energy sources. Energy harvesting.
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology > Mechanical Engineering > 21201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Raymond Dwi Fanto
Date Deposited:	29 Jul 2026 02:58
Last Modified:	29 Jul 2026 02:58
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/139436

Actions (login required)

View Item