Analisis Potensi Energi Gelombang Laut Untuk Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Gelombang Di Perairan Pelabuhan Ratu Jawa Barat

Ramiro, Theodosius Fabrizio (2026) Analisis Potensi Energi Gelombang Laut Untuk Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Gelombang Di Perairan Pelabuhan Ratu Jawa Barat. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Transisi energi terbarukan di Indonesia menuntut eksplorasi sumber daya alam yang masif, salah satunya melalui pemanfaatan energi gelombang laut. Perairan pesisir selatan Jawa Barat, khususnya Pelabuhan Ratu, berhadapan langsung dengan Samudra Hindia sehingga menjanjikan potensi rambatan gelombang alun (swell) berenergi tinggi. Meskipun demikian, kajian ketersediaan energi gelombang sebelumnya umumnya berbasis skala regional kasar, sehingga fenomena disipasi energi akibat transformasi gelombang di perairan dangkal (nearshore) belum terpetakan dengan presisi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memetakan karakteristik gelombang, mengkuantifikasi total ketersediaan energi gelombang murni (gross wave energy potential) secara musiman, dan merekomendasikan koordinat penempatan lokasi paling optimal (micro-siting) bagi infrastruktur energi laut. Pemodelan hidrodinamika dieksekusi menggunakan perangkat lunak MIKE 21 modul Spectral Wave dengan jaring tak terstruktur (flexible mesh) beresolusi tinggi di area teluk. Simulasi ditenagai oleh input angin dan parameter gelombang batas ECMWF ERA5 (Tahun 2024), serta data batimetri BATNAS. Uji validasi model numerik terhadap data observasi satelit altimetri menggunakan metode statistik Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) menunjukkan simpangan galat absolut yang berada pada kategori baik. Hasil pemodelan mengonfirmasi bahwa iklim perairan di area studi didominasi oleh gelombang alun berperiode panjang (8,84 - 9,59 detik), dengan arah penjalaran mayoritas dari kuadran Barat Daya. Distribusi spasial membuktikan terjadinya peluruhan energi yang masif akibat efek pendangkalan (shoaling). Laut lepas (Titik X) memiliki total ketersediaan energi murni tertinggi, dengan akumulasi puncak mencapai 2.840,04 kWh/m di Musim Barat dan 2.197,2 kWh/m di Musim Timur. Sebaliknya, energi tersebut terdisipasi ekstrem di perairan pesisir dekat fasilitas Breakwater (Titik BW), di mana perairan didominasi oleh kondisi calms (>50%). Berdasarkan analisis geospasial, kawasan perairan lepas pantai di lintasan Titik X hingga Titik Y direkomendasikan secara definitif sebagai lokasi micro-siting paling optimal. Zona transisi ini terbukti secara fisis mampu menahan perambatan gelombang dari laut dalam tanpa mengalami kerugian disipasi energi prematur, sekaligus memberikan kedalaman batimetri yang efisien untuk infrastruktur konversi energi di masa depan.
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The transition to renewable energy in Indonesia necessitates the extensive exploration of natural resources, prominently through the utilization of ocean wave energy. The southern coastal waters of West Java, particularly Pelabuhan Ratu, directly face the Indian Ocean, thereby presenting a highly promising potential for high-energy swell wave propagation. However, previous assessments of wave energy availability have predominantly relied on coarse regional scales, leaving the energy dissipation phenomena caused by nearshore wave transformation imprecisely mapped. This study aims to map the wave characteristics, quantify the total seasonal availability of gross wave energy potential, and recommend the most optimal coordinates for micro-siting ocean energy infrastructure. Hydrodynamic modeling was conducted using the MIKE 21 Spectral Wave module with a high-resolution unstructured grid (flexible mesh) applied to the bay area. The simulation was forced by wind inputs and boundary wave parameters derived from ECMWF ERA5 (Year 2024), coupled with BATNAS bathymetry data. Validation of the numerical model against satellite altimetry observations utilizing the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) statistical method yielded an absolute error deviation within the "good" category. Modeling results confirm that the hydrodynamic climate in the study area is dominated by long-period swell waves (8.84 - 9.59 seconds), primarily propagating from the Southwest quadrant. Spatial distribution analysis provides evidence of massive energy attenuation driven by the shoaling effect. The offshore point (Point X) exhibits the highest total gross energy availability, with peak accumulations reaching 2.840,04 kWh/m during the West Monsoon and 2.197,2 kWh/m during the East Monsoon. In stark contrast, wave energy experiences extreme dissipation in the coastal waters near the Breakwater facility (Point BW), where calm conditions prevail (>50%). Based on geospatial analysis, the offshore region along the transect from Point X to Point Y is definitively recommended as the most optimal micro-siting location. This transition zone is physically proven capable of sustaining deep-sea wave propagation without incurring premature energy dissipation losses, while simultaneously offering an efficient bathymetric depth for the deployment of future energy conversion infrastructure.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Energi Gelombang Laut; Gross Wave Energy, Micro-siting; Pelabuhan Ratu
Subjects:	T Technology > TC Hydraulic engineering. Ocean engineering > TC147 Ocean wave power.
Divisions:	Faculty of Marine Technology (MARTECH) > Ocean Engineering > 38201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Theodosius Fabrizio Ramiro
Date Deposited:	01 Aug 2026 06:45
Last Modified:	01 Aug 2026 06:45
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/139452

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