Sintesis Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) Dari Serat Daun Nanas Dengan Ultrasound-Assisted Untuk Aplikasi Edible Coating

Aufa, Difani Putri and Wintara, Ellen Septia (2026) Sintesis Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) Dari Serat Daun Nanas Dengan Ultrasound-Assisted Untuk Aplikasi Edible Coating. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Serat daun nanas merupakan biomassa lignoselulosa dengan kandungan selulosa tinggi yang berpotensi dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku sintesis Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), biopolimer yang dapat diaplikasikan sebagai material edible coating biodegradable. Penelitian ini bertujuan mensintesis CMC dari serat daun nanas menggunakan metode ultrasound assisted, mengevaluasi pengaruh rasio monochloroacetic acid (MCA) dan waktu reaksi terhadap karakteristik CMC, serta menguji performanya sebagai edible coating pada buah stroberi. Sintesis dilakukan melalui tahapan pre-treatment, isolasi α-selulosa, alkalinisasi, dan eterisasi dengan variasi rasio MCA sebesar 1,2; 1,4; 1,6; 1,8; dan 2 g MCA/g selulosa serta waktu ultrasonik 30, 45, 60, 75, dan 90 menit. Hasil menunjukkan peningkatan rasio MCA dan waktu reaksi meningkatkan nilai degree of substitution (DS) dari 0,57 hingga 1,10 dan kemurnian (purity) dari 71% hingga 93,3%, dengan kondisi optimum pada rasio 1,4 g MCA/g selulosa dan waktu 45 menit. Analisis FTIR menunjukkan munculnya pita serapan khas gugus karboksimetil pada bilangan gelombang sekitar 1565 cm⁻¹, sedangkan analisis XRD
menunjukkan perubahan kristalinitas dari 51,99% pada selulosa menjadi 21,5% pada CMC. Aplikasi edible coating berbasis CMC pada stroberi mampu menurunkan susut bobot hingga 0%, mempertahankan pH pada rentang 3–4, serta menurunkan persentase kerusakan buah dibandingkan kontrol selama penyimpanan.
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Pineapple leaf fiber is a lignocellulosic biomass with high cellulose content that has strong potential as a raw material for the synthesis of Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), a biopolymer that can be applied as a biodegradable edible coating material. This study aimed to synthesize CMC from pineapple leaf fiber using an ultrasound-assisted method, evaluate the effect of monochloroacetic acid (MCA) ratio and reaction time on CMC characteristics, and assess its performance as an edible coating for strawberries. The synthesis process was carried out through pre-treatment, α-cellulose isolation, alkalization, and etherification stages, with variations in MCA ratio of 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, and 2 g MCA/g cellulose, and ultrasonic reaction times of 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 minutes. The results showed that increasing the MCA ratio and reaction time enhanced the degree of substitution (DS) from 0.57 to 1.10 and purity from 71% to 93.3%, with optimum conditions achieved at an MCA ratio of 1.4 g MCA/g cellulose and a reaction time of 45 minutes. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis confirmed the appearance of a characteristic absorption band of the carboxymethyl functional
group at approximately 1565 cm⁻¹, while X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis indicated a decrease in crystallinity from 51.99% in cellulose to 21.5% in CMC. The application of CMC-based edible coating on strawberries was able to reduce weight loss to 0%, maintain pH within the range of 3–4, and lower the percentage of fruit deterioration compared to the control during storage.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Karboksmetil Selulosa, Metode Ultrasonik, Lapisan Edible Carboxymethyl Cellulose, Ultrasound-Assistes, Edible Coating
Subjects:	T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP451.E3 Edible coatings.
Divisions:	Faculty of Vocational > 24305-Industrial Chemical Engineering Technology
Depositing User:	Ellen Septia Wintara
Date Deposited:	29 Jul 2026 05:51
Last Modified:	29 Jul 2026 05:51
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/139458

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