Tarecha, Mochamad Agung (2026) Analisis Hidrologi Geospasial Berbasis Data Gdem Aster Untuk Identifikasi Lokasi Potensial Embung. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Pembangunan embung masih kerap menghadapi kendala akibat kurang tepatnya penentuan lokasi. Kesalahan dalam perencanaan lokasi dapat menyebabkan daerah tangkapan air (catchment area) tidak mampu menghasilkan debit limpasan permukaan air hujan yang mencukupi, sehingga embung yang telah dibangun berpotensi mengalami kekeringan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan model Analisis Hidrologi Geospasial berbasis data Global Digital Elevation Model (GDEM) The Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) untuk mengidentifikasi lokasi potensial embung. Metodologi penelitian ini mencakup penggunaan beberapa metode dan algoritma yaitu, Metode Breach Depressions Least Cost, Algoritma D8 dan MD∞ Flow Accumulation, Metode Dynamic Thresholding, Metode Kirpich, Metode Mononobe, dan Metode Rasional. Keluaran dari model berupa serangkaian identifikasi titik koordinat lokasi potensial untuk pembangunan embung, beserta estimasi debit puncak limpasan permukaan dan statistik hidrologinya. Hasil validasi spasial menunjukkan bahwa kinerja model sangat dipengaruhi oleh kondisi topografi. Pada dataran tinggi, model berkinerja optimal dan memenuhi standar ketelitian peta skala 1:100.000 (Kelas 2 Horizontal dan Kelas 1 Vertikal) dengan nilai CE90 53,68 meter (tingkat kelolosan titik uji 96,08%) dan LE90 16,70 meter (tingkat kelolosan 94,12%). Sementara itu pada dataran rendah, ketelitian spasial mengalami penurunan sehingga skala penyajian disesuaikan menjadi 1:500.000 (Kelas 2 Horizontal dan Kelas 1 Vertikal) dengan nilai CE90 264,91 meter (tingkat kelolosan 90,91%) dan LE90 10,66 meter (tingkat kelolosan 100%). Penurunan ini diakibatkan oleh keterbatasan algoritma flow accumulation (D8 dan MD∞ FA) dalam mendeteksi arah aliran pada medan yang cenderung datar dan landai.
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The construction of small reservoirs frequently encounters challenges due to inaccurate site selection. Errors in location planning can result in a catchment area being incapable of generating sufficient surface runoff, causing the constructed reservoirs to be highly susceptible to drought. This study aims to develop a Geospatial Hydrological Analysis model based on The Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) Global Digital Elevation Model (GDEM) data to identify potential small reservoir locations. The research methodology encompasses the use of several methods and algorithms, namely the Breach Depressions Least Cost Method, D8 and MD∞ Flow Accumulation Algorithms, Dynamic Thresholding Method, Kirpich Method, Mononobe Method, and Rational Method. The output of the model provides a series of identified potential coordinate points for small reservoir construction, along with estimates of peak surface runoff discharge and their hydrological statistics. Spatial validation results indicate that the model’s performance is significantly influenced by topographic conditions. In highland areas, the model performs optimally and satisfies the accuracy standards for a 1:100,000 scale map (Horizontal Class 2 and Vertical Class 1) with a CE90 value of 53.68 meters (96.08% test point compliance rate) and an LE90 of 16.70 meters (94.12% compliance rate). Meanwhile, in lowland areas, the spatial accuracy decreases, necessitating an adjustment of the presentation scale to 1:500,000 (Horizontal Class 2 and Vertical Class 1) with a CE90 value of 264.91 meters (90.91% compliance rate) and an LE90 of 10.66 meters (100% compliance rate). This decline in accuracy is attributable to the limitations of the flow accumulation algorithms (D8 and MD∞ FA) in detecting flow directions over relatively flat and gentle terrains.
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