Desain Pabrik p-Aminophenol dengan Hidrogenasi Nitrobenzene

Fajrin, Shirly Maulidya and Salmaputri, Ariqah Zakwannajmi (2026) Desain Pabrik p-Aminophenol dengan Hidrogenasi Nitrobenzene. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Desain Pabrik p-aminophenol (PAP) dirancang dengan kapasitas 17.000 ton/tahun menggunakan proses hidrogenasi nitrobenzene dalam medium asam dengan katalis Pt/C untuk mendukung kemandirian bahan baku farmasi nasional, mengingat Indonesia masih mengimpor 99,9% kebutuhan p-aminophenol (PAP) sebagai prekursor utama paracetamol. Proses yang dipilih melalui metode Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) memperoleh nilai total 0,533, lebih tinggi dibandingkan proses hidrogenasi p-nitrophenol (0,278), dan proses elektrolisis (0,188), menghasilkan yield 73–79% dan kemurnian produk ≥99,1% yang memenuhi standar Farmakope Indonesia Edisi VI, United States Pharmacopeia, dan European Pharmacopoeia. Lokasi pabrik di Kecamatan Ciampel, Karawang, dipilih berdasarkan analisis Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) dengan 8 parameter (nilai 0,516) mempertimbangkan ketersediaan bahan baku, akses transportasi multimodal, dan kedekatan dengan kluster industri farmasi Jabodetabek. Analisis ekonomi menunjukkan kelayakan investasi dengan Total Capital Investment (TCI) sebesar Rp416,98 miliar, CAPEX Rp868,03 miliar, dan OPEX Rp223,31 miliar per tahun, dengan Return on Investment (ROI) sebelum pajak 37,33% dan setelah pajak 28,00%, Internal Rate of Return (IRR) 19,86% (di atas MARR 18%), Pay Back Period (PBP) 4,2 tahun, Break Even Point (BEP) 32,07% yang memberikan margin of safety 67,93%, serta Net Present Value (NPV) positif sebesar Rp166,07 miliar, mengindikasikan ketahanan usaha yang sangat baik terhadap fluktuasi pasar. Pabrik dilengkapi sistem keselamatan berlapis berdasarkan studi Hazard and Operability Study (HAZOP) dan pengelolaan lingkungan terintegrasi (IPAL, pengendalian emisi, dan pengelolaan limbah B3) untuk mendukung operasi berkelanjutan serta memperkuat ketahanan farmasi nasional melalui substitusi impor.
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P-Aminophenol (PAP) plant design is designed with a capacity of 17,000 tons/year using the nitrobenzene hydrogenation process in an acidic medium with a Pt/C catalyst to support national pharmaceutical raw material self-sufficiency, considering that Indonesia still imports 99.9% of PAP demand as the main precursor for paracetamol. The selected process through the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method obtained a total value of 0.533, higher than the p-nitrophenol hydrogenation process (0.278) and the electrolysis process (0.188), resulting in a yield of 73–79%. The main product, p-aminophenol, has a purity of ≥99.1% with organic impurity limits such as o-aminophenol ≤0.10%, m-aminophenol ≤0.05%, nitrobenzene ≤20 ppm, aniline ≤50 ppm, and water content ≤0.05%, thus complying with the Indonesian Pharmacopoeia Edition VI, United States Pharmacopeia, and European Pharmacopoeia standards for pharmaceutical-grade quality. The plant location in Ciampel District, Karawang, was selected based on AHP analysis with 8 parameters (score 0.516), considering raw material availability, multimodal transportation access, and proximity to the Jabodetabek pharmaceutical industry cluster. Economic analysis shows investment feasibility with Total Capital Investment (TCI) of IDR 416.98 billion, CAPEX of IDR 868.03 billion, and annual OPEX of IDR 223.31 billion, with Return on Investment (ROI) before tax of 37.33% and after tax of 28.00%, Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 19.86% (above MARR of 18%), Pay Back Period (PBP) of 4.2 years, Break Even Point (BEP) of 32.07% providing a margin of safety of 67.93%, and a positive Net Present Value (NPV) of IDR 166.07 billion, indicating excellent business resilience against market fluctuations. The plant is equipped with a multi-layer safety system based on Hazard and Operability Study (HAZOP) analysis and integrated environmental management (wastewater treatment plant, emission control, and hazardous waste management) to support sustainable operations and strengthen national pharmaceutical resilience through import substitution.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Farmasi, Hidrogenasi Nitrobenzene, P-Aminophenol, Hydrogenation Nitrobenzene, Pharmacy, P-Aminophenol
Subjects:	T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP155.5 Chemical plants--Design and construction T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP155.7 Chemical processes.
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Mechanical Engineering > 21201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Shirly Maulidya Fajrin
Date Deposited:	30 Jul 2026 04:09
Last Modified:	30 Jul 2026 04:09
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/139581

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