Synthesis of Eco-Friendly Polyvinyl Alcohol/Functionalized Graphene Oxide Cation Exchange Membrane for Secondary Seawater Battery

Soegiantoro, Gregory Hope (2026) Synthesis of Eco-Friendly Polyvinyl Alcohol/Functionalized Graphene Oxide Cation Exchange Membrane for Secondary Seawater Battery. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Akses terhadap penyimpanan energi yang terjangkau dan bersih sesuai dengan mandat SDG 7 membutuhkan membran penukar kation yang ramah lingkungan untuk baterai air laut sekunder. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) merupakan matriks ramah lingkungan yang berpotensial. Namun ketidakstabilan dalam lingkungan berair menghalangi aplikasi tanpa penguatan struktural. Penelitian ini mensintesis filler graphene oxide terfosforilasi melalui fungsionalisasi dengan garam fosfat ($\text{Na}_3\text{PO}_4$, $\text{KH}_2\text{PO}_4$, $(\text{NH}_4)\text{H}_2\text{PO}_4$) pada suhu 50°C selama 12 jam, dan mencampurkan ke dalam matriks PVA/GA melalui metode solution casting. Membran dikarakterisasi menggunakan XRD, FTIR, water uptake, swelling ratio, ion exchange capacity, dan spektroskopi impedansi AC pada rentang suhu 30-70°C. Pengujian XRD dan FTIR mengonfirmasi keberhasilan fosforilasi ketiga varian PGO. Fosforilasi menurunkan water uptake dan swelling ratio dibandingkan dengan sampel kontrol PVA/GA/GO. Varian PVA/GA/GO/MKP mengindikasikan ion hopping $\text{Na}^+$ melalui gugus P-OH yang menghasilkan konduktivitas ionik tertinggi, profil konduktivitas yang stabil, dan performa pada suhu ruangan yang lebih tinggi daripada Nafion tersodiasi pada medium non air. Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa pemilihan anion dari garam fosfat menentukan mekanisme transportasi ion sementara pemilihan kation menentukan kestabilan struktural dan jaringan.
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Access to affordable and clean energy storage, as targeted under United Nations SDG 7, requires eco-friendly cation exchange membrane for secondary seawater batteries. Polyvinyl alcohol is an environmentally friendly matrix candidate. However, its aqueous instability precludes practical application without structural reinforcement. This study synthesized phosphorylated graphene oxide fillers via functionalization of graphene oxide with phosphoric salts (Na3PO4, KH2PO4, (NH4)H2PO4) at 50°C for 12 hours and incorporated them into PVA/GA matrices by solution casting. Membranes were characterized by XRD, FTIR, water uptake, swelling ratio, ion exchange capacity, and AC impedance spectroscopy across 30-70°C. XRD and FTIR confirmed successful phosphorylation in all three PGO variants. Phosphorylation reduced water uptake and swelling ratio in all variants relative to the PVA/GA/GO control. The PVA/GA/GO/MKP indicates activated Na+ hopping through P-OH groups, resulting in the highest ionic conductivity, a stable conductivity trend, and ambient temperature performance higher than that of sodiated Nafion in non-aqueous medium. These results establish that the anion identity of the phosphoric salt governs the fundamental transport mechanism, while cation identity controls network rigidity and dimensional stability.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Energi bersih dan terjangkau, garam fosfat, membran penukar kation, phosphorylated graphene oxide, polyvinyl alcohol. Affordable and clean energy, cation exchange membrane, phosphorylated graphene oxide, polyvinyl alcohol
Subjects:	T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ165 Energy storage. T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP1140 Polymers T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP159.M4 Membranes (Technology)
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Physics Engineering > 30201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Gregory Hope Soegiantoro
Date Deposited:	30 Jul 2026 08:08
Last Modified:	30 Jul 2026 08:08
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/139699

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