Strategi Pengambilan Keputusan Pemilihan Program Pemeliharaan dengan Basis Budget & Performance Constraint yang Optimal di PLTU Tanjung Jati B Unit 3

Putranto, Anugrah (2026) Strategi Pengambilan Keputusan Pemilihan Program Pemeliharaan dengan Basis Budget & Performance Constraint yang Optimal di PLTU Tanjung Jati B Unit 3. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Penyusunan Rencana Kerja dan Anggaran Perusahaan (RKAP) pemeliharaan pada pembangkit listrik masih didasarkan pada program pemeliharaan rutin, seperti preventive maintenance, predictive maintenance, corrective maintenance, dan overhaul, tanpa mempertimbangkan kontribusi program terhadap peningkatan kinerja pembangkit. Selain itu, proses penyusunan anggaran menghadapi kendala dalam mengidentifikasi keterkaitan antara paket pekerjaan, equipment yang terdampak, serta pengaruhnya terhadap indikator kinerja utama (Key Performance Indicators/KPI). Kondisi tersebut menyebabkan prioritas program pemeliharaan didominasi oleh expert judgment, sehingga alokasi anggaran belum mampu mengoptimalkan keseimbangan antara biaya pemeliharaan, peningkatan kinerja, dan manfaat ekonomi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan strategi pengambilan keputusan dalam pemilihan program pemeliharaan berbasis budget constraint dan performance constraint untuk memperoleh kombinasi program pemeliharaan yang optimal pada PLTU Tanjung Jati B Unit #3. Penelitian menggunakan metode Integer Linear Programming (ILP) dengan variabel keputusan biner pada 259 program pemeliharaan. Model mengintegrasikan dua indikator kinerja utama, yaitu Net Plant Heat Rate (NPHR) dan Equivalent Availability Factor (EAF). Dampak setiap program pemeliharaan terhadap kedua indikator tersebut dianalisis menggunakan aplikasi Heat Loss & Efficiency dan Reliability & Maintenance, kemudian dikonversi menjadi manfaat ekonomi dalam satuan rupiah sebagai dasar optimasi. Model dievaluasi melalui tiga skenario, yaitu minimasi biaya pemeliharaan dengan performance constraint, maksimasi manfaat ekonomi, dan maksimasi manfaat ekonomi dengan budget constraint. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan skenario minimasi biaya menghasilkan anggaran sebesar Rp. 323,81 miliar, memenuhi target minimum penurunan NPHR sebesar 10,71% dan peningkatan EAF sebesar 37,01%, serta memberikan manfaat ekonomi sebesar Rp. 63,03 miliar per tahun. Skenario maksimasi manfaat ekonomi menghasilkan manfaat maksimum sebesar Rp. 89,81 miliar dengan anggaran Rp. 441,95 miliar, atau 43,54% lebih rendah dibandingkan total usulan anggaran sebesar Rp. 782,74 miliar. Sementara itu, skenario budget constraint menghasilkan manfaat ekonomi sebesar Rp. 89,17 miliar dengan anggaran Rp. 391,10 miliar dan Benefit to Cost Ratio (BCR) tertinggi sebesar 0,23. Analisis sensitivitas menunjukkan model tetap robust terhadap pengurangan anggaran hingga 45% dengan Sensitivity Index sebesar 0,0007, sedangkan pengurangan sebesar 60% menghasilkan kondisi infeasible. Hasil penelitian membuktikan integrasi budget constraint dan performance constraint melalui pendekatan Integer Linear Programming menghasilkan strategi pemilihan program pemeliharaan yang lebih objektif, efektif, dan efisien serta berpotensi menjadi dasar pengambilan keputusan dalam penyusunan RKAP pemeliharaan berbasis kinerja dan manfaat ekonomi.
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Annual Budget Operating Plan (ABOP) preparation in coal fired power plants is commonly based on routine maintenance activities, such as preventive, predictive, corrective, and overhaul programs, without considering respective contributions to plant performance. In addition, maintenance budgeting is often constrained by the difficulty of identifying the relationships between maintenance work packages, affected equipment, and key performance indicators (KPIs). Consequently, maintenance prioritization relies heavily on expert judgment, resulting in budget allocations that may not maximize operational and economic benefits. This study proposes a decision making model that integrates budget constraints and performance constraints to determine the optimal maintenance program portfolio for Unit #3 of the Tanjung Jati B Coal Fired Power Plant. The proposed model applies Integer Linear Programming (ILP) with binary decision variables representing 259 maintenance programs. The optimization framework incorporates two KPIs, Net Plant Heat Rate (NPHR) and Equivalent Availability Factor (EAF). The impacts of individual maintenance programs are evaluated using the Heat Loss & Efficiency and Reliability & Maintenance applications and subsequently converted into monetary benefits, enabling direct comparison with maintenance costs. The model is evaluated under three optimization scenarios, maintenance cost minimization subject to performance constraints, economic benefit maximization, and economic benefit maximization under budget constraints. The results show that the cost minimization scenario satisfies the required performance targets, achieving a 10.71% reduction in NPHR and a 37.01% improvement in EAF with a maintenance budget of IDR 323.81 billion, generating an annual economic benefit of IDR 63.03 billion. The benefit maximization scenario produces the highest economic benefit of IDR 89.81 billion with a budget of IDR 441.95 billion. Meanwhile, the budget constrained scenario generates IDR 89.17 billion in economic benefit using a lower budget of IDR 391.10 billion, resulting in the highest Benefit to Cost Ratio (BCR) of 0.23. Sensitivity analysis confirms that the model remains robust under budget reductions of up to 45% (Sensitivity Index = 0.0007), whereas a 60% reduction leads to an infeasible solution. These findings demonstrate that integrating budget and performance constraints through ILP provides a more objective, effective, and economically efficient approach for maintenance planning and supports performance based ABOP decision making.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Equivalent Availability Factor, Benefit Cost Ratio, Budget Constraint, Integer Linier Programming, Net Plant Heat Rate, Optimasi Program Pemeliharaan, Performance Constraint
Subjects:	T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ164 Power plants--Design and construction
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Mechanical Engineering > 21101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	Anugrah Putranto
Date Deposited:	30 Jul 2026 06:29
Last Modified:	30 Jul 2026 06:29
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/139745

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