Optimasi Green Ekstraksi Mikrokristalin Selulosa (Mcc) dari Limbah Batang Pisang Dengan Ultrasound-Assisted Menggunakan Response Surface Methodology

Avril, Zelitha and Putri, Salsabila Yunendar (2026) Optimasi Green Ekstraksi Mikrokristalin Selulosa (Mcc) dari Limbah Batang Pisang Dengan Ultrasound-Assisted Menggunakan Response Surface Methodology. Diploma thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Limbah batang pisang (banana pseudostem) merupakan biomassa lignoselulosa yang kaya selulosa dan berpotensi dikonversi menjadi mikrokristalin selulosa (MCC). Namun, hidrolisis menggunakan asam mineral tunggal sering menimbulkan degradasi termal berlebih dan limbah korosif. Penelitian ini menggunakan kombinasi asam organik (asam sitrat) dan asam anorganik (asam sulfat) dengan rasio SA:CA, 1:6 hingga 1:2 sebagai metode Green Hidrolisis. Metode ini selain mengurangi limbah korosif juga meningkatkan selektivitas proses. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kondisi operasi optimum pada hidrolisis asam campuran antara asam sitrat dan asam sulfat dengan bantuan ultrasonikasi untuk menghasilkan MCC dengan indeks kristalinitas dan yield terbaik menggunakan Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Penelitian juga membandingkan karakteristik MCC hasil ektraksi dengan MCC komersial Avicel 101 sebagai standar. Proses dilakukan melalui pretreatment alkali menggunakan NaOH 17,5% dan bleaching dengan H2O2 1%, kemudian dilanjutkan hidrolisis pada variasi konsentrasi asam sulfat, suhu, dan waktu proses untuk mendapatkan ekstraksi MCC. Optimasi dilakukan menggunakan desain komposit sentral (CCD) dengan respons berupa indeks kristalinitas dan yield. Produk optimum akan dikarakterisasi menggunakan FTIR, XRD, dan PSA. Hasil optimasi menunjukkan kondisi terbaik pada konsentrasi asam sulfat 15%, suhu 76°C, dan waktu 35 menit dengan predicted yield sebesar 92,2%. Hasil validasi titik optimum eksperimen menunjukkan yield aktual 90,8%; 91%; 90,4% dengan error 1,5%;1,3%; 1,9%. Sedangkan validasi respon kristalinitas% yaitu 58,9%; 56,9%; dan 60,6% dengan nilai error berturut-turut, 3,4%; 2%; dan 6%, yang menandakan model cukup baik dalam memprediksi kondisi optimum. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi asam organik-anorganik berbantuan ultrasonikasi dapat menjadi pendekatan green extraction yang lebih efisien, stabil, dan berkelanjutan untuk produksi MCC dari limbah batang pisang.
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Banana pseudostem waste is a cellulose-rich lignocellulosic biomass with significant potential for conversion into microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). However, hydrolysis utilizing a single mineral acid often leads to excessive thermal degradation and generates corrosive waste. This study employed a combination of an organic acid (citric acid) and an inorganic acid (sulfuric acid) at an SA:CA ratio ranging from 1:6 to 1:2 as a green hydrolysis method. In addition to reducing corrosive waste, this method also enhances process selectivity. This research aims to determine the optimal operating conditions for ultrasound-assisted mixed-acid hydrolysis using citric and sulfuric acids to produce MCC with the highest crystallinity index and yield using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Furthermore, this study compares the characteristics of the extracted MCC against commercial MCC (Avicel 101) as a quality standard. The extraction process involved alkaline pretreatment using 17.5% NaOH and bleaching with 1% H₂O₂, followed by hydrolysis under various sulfuric acid concentrations, temperatures, and reaction times to isolate MCC. Optimization was performed using a Central Composite Design (CCD) with the crystallinity index and yield as the target responses. The optimized product was characterized using FTIR, XRD, and Particle Size Analysis (PSA). The optimization results indicated that the best operating conditions were achieved at a sulfuric acid concentration of 15%, a temperature of 76°C, and a reaction time of 35 minutes, resulting in a predicted yield of 92.2%.Experimental validation at the optimum point demonstrated actual yields of 90.8%, 91%, and 90.4% with corresponding errors of 1.5%, 1.3%, and 1.9%. Meanwhile, the validation of the crystallinity responses was 58.9%, 56.9%, and 60.6%, with error values of 3.4%, 2%, and 6%, respectively indicating that the model is highly reliable in predicting the optimal conditions. This study demonstrates that the ultrasound-assisted combination of organic and inorganic acids serves as a more efficient, stable, and sustainable green extraction approach for producing MCC from banana pseudostem waste.

Item Type:	Thesis (Diploma)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Banana pseudo-stem, , Hidrolisis asam campuran, Mikrokristalline Selulosa. Green Extraction Hydrolisis, Microcrystalline Cellulose, Musa paradisiaca
Subjects:	T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP1140 Polymers T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP155.7 Chemical processes. T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP156 Crystallization. Extraction (Chemistry). Fermentation. Distillation. Emulsions.
Divisions:	Faculty of Vocational > 24305-Industrial Chemical Engineering
Depositing User:	Zelitha Avril
Date Deposited:	30 Jul 2026 06:10
Last Modified:	30 Jul 2026 06:10
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/139756

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