Studi Numerik Pendinginan Photovoltaic Secara Natural Convection Dengan Adiabatic Channel

Deva, Vishnu (2026) Studi Numerik Pendinginan Photovoltaic Secara Natural Convection Dengan Adiabatic Channel. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Kebutuhan energi listrik yang terus meningkat dan dampak lingkungan dari pembangkit berbahan bakar fosil mendorong pemanfaatan energi surya. Namun, modul photovoltaic (PV) hanya mengonversi sekitar 20% energi surya menjadi listrik, sementara sisanya terbuang sebagai panas yang menaikkan temperatur sel dan menurunkan efisiensi konversi. Pendinginan pasif menjadi alternatif ekonomis dengan memanfaatkan aliran udara natural melalui efek cerobong (chimney effect). Penelitian ini melakukan studi simulasi numerik berbasis ANSYS untuk menganalisis pengaruh penambahan adiabatic channel dengan dan tanpa sirip (fins) terhadap distribusi temperatur dan efektivitas pendinginan modul PV SPM100-M, menggunakan tiga variasi panjang channel (1H, 1.5H, dan 2H) pada iradiasi 670 W/m². Model simulasi divalidasi terhadap data eksperimen dengan nilai Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) 20,54% (kaca) dan 15,12% (rear contact), tergolong wajar menurut kriteria Lewis (1982). Pada kondisi baseline, temperatur rerata permukaan kaca mencapai 66,504 °C. Penambahan adiabatic channel tanpa fins belum bekerja konsisten, bahkan memperburuk kondisi pada variasi 1.5H (efektivitas −14,965%) akibat separasi aliran pada sisi inlet. Sebaliknya, penambahan fins menghasilkan distribusi temperatur yang lebih merata dan menurunkan temperatur rerata kaca menjadi 46,959 °C (1H), 43,325 °C (1.5H), dan 41,897 °C (2H), dengan efektivitas pendinginan berturut-turut 46,661%, 58,773%, dan 50,580%. Kinerja sirip dikonfirmasi melalui efisiensi (ηf) sebesar 99,72–99,78% dan efektivitas (εf) sekitar 1,992, yang menandakan permukaan bersirip mampu melepas kalor hampir dua kali lipat dibanding tanpa sirip. Efektivitas pendinginan tertinggi diperoleh pada variasi 1.5H, sedangkan temperatur permukaan terendah dicapai pada variasi 2H — menunjukkan bahwa efektivitas yang tinggi tidak selalu merepresentasikan temperatur sistem terendah. Penambahan fins terbukti menjadi faktor penentu keberhasilan sistem pendinginan pasif berbasis konveksi natural ini.
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The continuously increasing demand for electrical energy and the environmental impact of fossil-fuel power generation have driven the utilization of solar energy. However, photovoltaic (PV) modules convert only approximately 20% of solar energy into electricity, while the remainder is dissipated as heat, raising the cell temperature and reducing conversion efficiency. Passive cooling offers an economical alternative by utilizing natural airflow through the chimney effect. This study conducted an ANSYS-based numerical simulation to analyze the effect of adding an adiabatic channel, with and without fins, on the temperature distribution and cooling effectiveness of an SPM100-M PV module, using three channel length variations (1H, 1.5H, and 2H) under an irradiance of 670 W/m². The simulation model was validated against experimental data, yielding Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) values of 20.54% (glass) and 15.12% (rear contact), which are considered reasonable according to the criteria of Lewis (1982). Under the baseline condition, the average glass surface temperature reached 66.504 °C. The addition of an adiabatic channel without fins did not perform consistently and even worsened the condition in the 1.5H variation (effectiveness of −14.965%) due to flow separation at the inlet side. In contrast, the addition of fins produced a more uniform temperature distribution and reduced the average glass temperature to 46.959 °C (1H), 43.325 °C (1.5H), and 41.897 °C (2H), with cooling effectiveness values of 46.661%, 58.773%, and 50.580%, respectively. Fin performance was confirmed through a fin efficiency (ηf) of 99.72–99.78% and a fin effectiveness (εf) of approximately 1.992, indicating that the finned surface is capable of dissipating nearly twice as much heat as the surface without fins. The highest cooling effectiveness was obtained in the 1.5H variation, while the lowest surface temperature was achieved in the 2H variation — demonstrating that high effectiveness does not necessarily represent the lowest system temperature. The addition of fins proved to be the determining factor in the success of this natural-convection-based passive cooling system.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	pendinginan pasif, panel surya, adiabatic channel, sirip (fins), efek cerobong, simulasi CFD, efektivitas pendinginan,passive cooling, photovoltaic panel, adiabatic channel, fins, chimney effect, CFD simulation, cooling effectiveness
Subjects:	T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ263 Heat exchangers T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ810.5 Solar energy
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Mechanical Engineering > 21201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Vishnu Deva
Date Deposited:	30 Jul 2026 06:46
Last Modified:	31 Jul 2026 01:50
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/139797

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