Studi Numerik Pengaruh Variasi Sudut Kaca Depan (Windshield) Terhadap Karakteristik Aliran Udara Di Sekitar Model Mobil Sedan Secara 3D

Nur, Fataruddin (2026) Studi Numerik Pengaruh Variasi Sudut Kaca Depan (Windshield) Terhadap Karakteristik Aliran Udara Di Sekitar Model Mobil Sedan Secara 3D. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Aerodinamika kendaraan memiliki peran penting dalam meningkatkan efisiensi energi, stabilitas, dan performa kendaraan. Salah satu parameter geometri yang memengaruhi karakteristik aliran udara adalah sudut kemiringan windshield, karena perubahan sudut ini dapat memengaruhi adverse pressure gradient, separasi aliran, distribusi tekanan, dan pembentukan wake di sekitar kendaraan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kemiringan windshield terhadap karakteristik aliran secara tiga dimensi di sekitar mobil sedan. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan metode Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) dengan software ANSYS Fluent 2024. Model kendaraan yang digunakan berbasis pada Mercedes EQS yang disederhanakan. Variasi sudut windshield yang dianalisis adalah 26°, 23°, 20°, dan 17°. Simulasi dilakukan secara tiga dimensi dengan separuh domain untuk meringankan beban komputasi. Adapun kondisi aliran berupa steady, adiabatik, dan inkompresibel. Model turbulensi yang digunakan adalah SST k-ω dengan kondisi batas meliputi velocity inlet sebesar 40 m/s, pressure outlet sebesar 0 Pa gauge, serta no-slip wall pada permukaan kendaraan dan lantai domain.
Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa variasi sudut windshield memberikan dampak yang tidak linier terhadap karakteristik aerodinamika kendaraan. Nilai Cd terendah diperoleh pada variasi sudut 26° sebesar 0,1167, disusul oleh sudut 17° (0,1224), model acuan 23° (0,1231), dan gaya hambat tertinggi pada sudut 20° (0,1242). Salah satu faktor yang memengaruhi besar kecilnya Cd pada variasi adalah letak spiral point milik wake yang terbentuk pada hilir. Pada variasi 26°, spiral point terletak di samping menjauhi mid-span. Akibatnya, wake dapat diintervensi oleh aliran samping yang berkecepatan tinggi, sehingga wake dapat terurai. Sebaliknya, pada variasi 20°, spiral point terletak di dekat mid-span, sehingga tidak dapat diinterupsi aliran samping dan wake tidak terurai.
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Vehicle aerodynamics play a crucial role in improving energy efficiency, stability and vehicle performance. One of the geometric parameters that influences airflow characteristics is the windscreen angle, as changes to this angle can affect the adverse pressure gradient, flow separation, pressure distribution and wake formation around the vehicle. This study aims to analyse the effect of variations in the windscreen angle on three-dimensional airflow characteristics around a saloon car.
This study was conducted using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) methods with ANSYS Fluent 2024 software. The vehicle model used is based on a simplified Mercedes EQS, with several complex features such as wing mirrors, door handles, and tyres removed. The analysed variations in the windscreen angle are 26°, 23°, 20°, and 17°. Simulations were performed in three dimensions under steady, adiabatic, incompressible, and uniform flow conditions. The turbulence model used was SST k-ω with boundary conditions including an inlet velocity of 40 m/s, an outlet pressure of 0 Pa gauge, and no-slip walls on the vehicle surface and domain floor. The simulation results show that windscreen angle have a non-linear effect on the vehicle’s aerodynamic characteristics. The lowest Cd value was obtained at an angle of 26° at 0.1167, followed by an angle of 17° (0.1224), the reference model at 23° (0.1231), and the highest drag coefficient at an angle of 20° (0.1242). One factor influencing the magnitude of the Cd across these variations is the position of the wake’s spiral point formed downstream. At the 26° variation, the spiral point is situated to the side, away from the mid-span. Consequently, the wake can be disrupted by high-velocity side flows, causing it to dissipate. Conversely, at the 20° variation, the spiral point is situated near the mid-span, so it is not disrupted by side flows and the wake does not dissipate.

Item Type: Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords: Sudut windshield, CFD, karakteristik aliran, streamline, drag coefficient.
Subjects: Q Science > QC Physics > QC151 Fluid dynamics
Divisions: Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Mechanical Engineering > 21201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User: Fataruddin Nur
Date Deposited: 30 Jul 2026 03:12
Last Modified: 31 Jul 2026 01:42
URI: http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/139849

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