Ekstraksi Palm Kernel Oil Dari Palm Kernel Menggunakan CO2 Superkritis

Febriansyah, Alvin (2026) Ekstraksi Palm Kernel Oil Dari Palm Kernel Menggunakan CO2 Superkritis. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Palm kernel oil (PKO) merupakan produk bernilai tinggi yang digunakan dalam berbagai industri seperti pangan, kosmetik, dan farmasi. Namun, metode konvensional yang umum digunakan untuk mengekstrak PKO memiliki berbagai keterbatasan seperti efisiensi rendah dan risiko lingkungan akibat pelarut kimia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji ekstraksi PKO dari biji inti sawit menggunakan metode CO₂ superkritis (SC-CO₂) yang lebih ramah lingkungan, serta mengevaluasi proses scale-up proporsional berdasarkan rasio pelarut terhadap bahan (Q/F). Penelitian mencakup variasi suhu (40–60°C) dan tekanan (15–25 MPa) untuk mengetahui pengaruhnya terhadap yield, komposisi fatty acid, intensitas peak pada analisis FTIR, morfologi padatan, serta aktivitas antibakteri dari PKO. Selain itu, dilakukan optimasi parameter menggunakan metode Response Surface Methodology - Central Composite Design (RSM-CCD) untuk mendapatkan kondisi operasi terbaik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstraksi menggunakan SC-CO₂ menghasilkan yield PKO yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan metode konvensional. Peningkatan tekanan cenderung meningkatkan yield ekstraksi sedangkan peningkatan temperatur menurunkannya. Variasi suhu dan tekanan juga mempengaruhi komposisi asam lemak, komposisi padatan melalui analisis FTIR, morfologi permukaan padatan, dan aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli. Hasil optimasi RSM-CCD menunjukkan bahwa kondisi operasi terbaik diperoleh pada tekanan 25 MPa dan suhu 40°C. Analisis ekonomi menunjukkan bahwa produksi skala industri untuk kondisi optimum tersebut dengan kapasitas bahan baku 20 ton belum layak secara ekonomi pada harga pasar PKO saat ini. Namun, proses produksi skala industri tersebut menjadi layak apabila harga jual PKO mencapai 420% dari harga pasar dengan nilai IRR sebesar 9,68%. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kualitas ekstrak PKO yang dihasilkan melalui ekstraksi SC-CO₂ dapat menjadi pertimbangan dalam pengembangan teknologi ekstraksi PKO skala industri meskipun biaya produksinya lebih tinggi.
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Palm kernel oil (PKO) is a high-value product widely used in the food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. However, conventional extraction methods commonly applied to PKO have several limitations, such as low efficiency and environmental risks associated with chemical solvents. This study aimed to investigate the extraction of PKO from palm kernels using the environmentally friendly supercritical CO₂ (SC-CO₂) method and to evaluate proportional scale-up based on the solvent-to-feed (Q/F) ratio. This study included variations in temperature (40–60 °C) and pressure (15–25 MPa) to determine their effects on the yield, fatty acid composition, peak intensity in FTIR analysis, solid morphology, and antibacterial activities of PKO. Furthermore, process optimization was performed using the response surface methodology-central composite design (RSM-CCD) to identify the optimal operating conditions. The research results show that extraction using SC-CO₂ yields a higher PKO yield than conventional methods. Increasing the pressure tends to enhance the extraction yield, whereas increasing the temperature reduces it. Variations in temperature and pressure also affect the fatty acid compositions, peak intensity at FTIR analysis, solid surface morphology, and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. RSM-CCD optimization results indicate that the best operating conditions are achieved at a pressure of 25 MPa and a temperature of 40°C. Economic analysis shows that industrial-scale production under these optimum conditions with a raw material capacity of 20 tons is not yet economically feasible at the current market price of PKO. However, industrial-scale production becomes feasible if the selling price of PKO reaches 420% of the market price, with an IRR value of 9.68%. These research findings indicate that the quality of PKO extract produced through SC-CO₂ extraction can be considered in the development of industrial-scale PKO extraction technology, despite its higher production costs.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Ekstraksi CO2 Superkritis, Palm Kernel Oil (PKO), Scale-Up Proporsional Rasio Q/F, RSM-CCD, Antibakteri, Supercritical CO2 Extraction, Palm Kernel Oil (PKO), Proportional Scale-Up of Q/F Ratio, RSM-CCD, Antibacterial
Subjects:	T Technology > TP Chemical technology T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP155.5 Chemical plants--Design and construction T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP156 Crystallization. Extraction (Chemistry). Fermentation. Distillation. Emulsions. T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP159.S4 Separators (Machine)
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Chemical Engineering > 24101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	Alvin Candra Febriansyah
Date Deposited:	30 Jul 2026 02:28
Last Modified:	30 Jul 2026 02:28
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/139992

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