Studi Eksperimental Perubahan Waktu Injeksi Diesel Untuk Optimasi Performa dan Redusksi CO₂ Dan NOx Pada Mesin Diesel Dual Fuel Diesel-Hidrogen

Susetya, Dwi Natta (2026) Studi Eksperimental Perubahan Waktu Injeksi Diesel Untuk Optimasi Performa dan Redusksi CO₂ Dan NOx Pada Mesin Diesel Dual Fuel Diesel-Hidrogen. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Sektor transportasi maritim menghadapi tantangan besar dalam memenuhi target dekarbonisasi International Maritime Organization (IMO) melalui pengurangan emisi gas rumah kaca. Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan adalah pemanfaatan hidrogen sebagai bahan bakar alternatif pada mesin diesel dengan sistem dual fuel. Namun, penggunaan hidrogen berpotensi meningkatkan temperatur pembakaran yang berdampak pada kenaikan emisi nitrogen oksida (NOₓ). Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh perubahan waktu injeksi diesel terhadap performa dan emisi gas buang pada mesin diesel dual fuel diesel–hidrogen. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental menggunakan mesin diesel satu silinder Yanmar TF-85 MH berbahan bakar Biosolar B40 yang dimodifikasi dengan sistem injeksi hidrogen tipe port injection berbasis Electronic Control Unit (ECU). Variasi SOI diesel dilakukan pada 18°, 16°, dan 14° sebelum Titik Mati Atas (BTDC) dengan rentang putaran mesin 1400–2200 RPM. Parameter yang dianalisis meliputi daya, torsi, SFC, konsumsi energi, serta emisi CO₂, NOₓ, dan Smoke Value. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan sistem dual fuel mampu meningkatkan performa mesin dibandingkan operasi single fuel B40. Pemunduran waktu injeksi dari 18° menjadi 14° BTDC menghasilkan kombinasi performa terbaik dengan peningkatan daya dan torsi serta nilai SFC yang lebih rendah. Dari sisi emisi, penggunaan hidrogen menurunkan emisi CO₂ sebesar 29,96–46,02% dan Smoke Value sebesar 28,13–42,47% dibandingkan mesin single fuel. Selain itu, pemunduran SOI hingga 14° BTDC mampu menurunkan emisi NOₓ secara signifikan akibat bergesernya puncak pembakaran ke arah langkah ekspansi sehingga temperatur pembakaran maksimum menjadi lebih rendah. Pada dual fuel SOI 18° CA emisi NOx mengalami kenaikan sebesar 7,65% hingga 53,99% terhadap single fuel, SOI 18° CA menghasilkan emisi NOx tertinggi, yaitu sekitar 969 ppm pada putaran rendah dan menurun menjadi sekitar 601 ppm pada 2200 RPM. Ketika SOI dimundurkan menjadi 16° CA, emisi NOx turun hingga sekitar 408 ppm pada 2200 RPM sebesar 32,11% hingga 43,91% terhadap SOI 18° CA, sedangkan SOI 14° CA menghasilkan emisi NOx terendah, yaitu sekitar 323 ppm sebesar 46,26% hingga 63,66% terhadap SOI 18° CA.
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The maritime transportation sector faces significant challenges in meeting the International Maritime Organization’s (IMO) decarbonization targets through the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. One potential solution is the use of hydrogen as an alternative fuel in diesel engines equipped with dual fuel systems. However, the use of hydrogen has the potential to increase combustion temperatures, which can lead to higher nitrogen oxide (NOₓ) emissions. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the effect of changes in diesel injection timing on the performance and exhaust emissions of a diesel–hydrogen dual-fuel engine. The study was conducted experimentally using a single-cylinder Yanmar TF-85 MH diesel engine fueled with B40 biodiesel, which was modified with a port-injection-type hydrogen injection system based on an Electronic Control Unit (ECU). Diesel SOI variations were tested at 18°, 16°, and 14° before Top Dead Center (BTDC) within an engine speed range of 1400–2200 RPM. The parameters analyzed included power, torque, SFC, energy consumption, and emissions of CO₂, NOₓ, and Smoke Value. The results showed that the use of a dual-fuel system improved engine performance compared to B40 single-fuel operation. Delaying the injection timing from 18° to 14° BTDC yielded the best performance combination, with increased power and torque as well as a lower SFC value. In terms of emissions, the use of hydrogen reduced CO₂ emissions by 29.96–46.02% and Smoke Value by 28.13–42.47% compared to the single-fuel engine. Additionally, retarding the SOI to 14° BTDC significantly reduced NOₓ emissions due to the shift of the combustion peak toward the expansion stroke, resulting in a lower maximum combustion temperature. In the dual-fuel configuration with an SOI of 18° CA, NOx emissions increased by 7.65% to 53.99% compared to the single-fuel engine; an SOI of 18° CA produced the highest NOx emissions, approximately 969 ppm at low RPM, decreasing to about 601 ppm at 2200 RPM. When the SOI was reduced to 16° CA, NOx emissions dropped to approximately 408 ppm at 2200 RPM, representing a decrease of 32.11% to 43.91% compared to the 18° CA SOI, while an SOI of 14° CA produced the lowest NOx emissions, at approximately 323 ppm a reduction of 46.26% to 63.66% compared to an SOI of 18° CA.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	diesel, emisi, hidrogen, injeksi, performa, emissions, hydrogen, injection, performance
Subjects:	T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ213 Automatic control. T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ324.5 Fuel systems T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ797 Diesel motor--Fuel systems--Testing. T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP359.B46 Biodiesel fuels. V Naval Science > VM Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering > VM731 Marine Engines
Divisions:	Faculty of Marine Technology (MARTECH) > Marine Engineering > 36202-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Dwi Natta Susetya
Date Deposited:	03 Aug 2026 08:09
Last Modified:	03 Aug 2026 08:09
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/140109

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