Manajemen Energi PV dan BESS Berbasis Metode Rule-Based pada Sistem Virtual Power Plant di PLN Puslitbang

Mulyana, Akhbar Candra (2026) Manajemen Energi PV dan BESS Berbasis Metode Rule-Based pada Sistem Virtual Power Plant di PLN Puslitbang. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Implementasi Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya (PLTS) dan Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) di Indonesia hingga Mei 2025 masih berada sekitar 1 GW di bawah target yang telah direncanakan. Kondisi ini dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor, seperti keterbatasan infrastruktur, pembiayaan, regulasi, dan kesiapan jaringan distribusi. Dari sisi teknis, penetrasi PV dan BESS yang semakin tinggi berpotensi menimbulkan permasalahan seperti kenaikan tegangan, aliran daya balik, pembebanan transformator, serta penurunan kualitas daya. Virtual Power Plant (VPP) menjadi salah satu solusi yang menjanjikan melalui pengoordinasian sumber daya energi terdistribusi agar dapat beroperasi menyerupai pembangkit skala utilitas. Namun, implementasi VPP memerlukan manajemen energi yang mampu mengatur operasi PV dan BESS secara optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang manajemen energi PV dan BESS berbasis metode rule-based pada jaringan distribusi. Metodologi penelitian meliputi pemilihan konfigurasi penempatan PV dan BESS di jaringan distribusi, simulasi, uji coba implementasi skala laboratorium, serta analisis dan evaluasi terhadap hasil rancangan yang dibuat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa manajemen energi yang dikembangkan mampu mengatur aliran daya antara PV, baterai, beban dan grid berdasarkan kondisi State of Charge (SoC) baterai serta perbandingan daya PV terhadap beban. Pada tahap simulasi, seluruh enam skenario studi kasus berhasil memenuhi rancangan algoritma yang ditetapkan. Pada tahap implementasi, empat dari enam skenario berhasil dipenuhi, sedangkan dua skenario tidak dapat terpenuhi sempurna diakibatkan karakteristik operasi battery inverter. Hasil uji agregasi pun menunjukkan bahwa algoritma dapat memenuhi permintaan ekspor daya sebesar 7 kW secara stabil selama 300 detik tanpa gangguan operasi. Nilai SoC baterai klaster VPP 1 menurun dari 99% menjadi 98%, sedangkan SoC baterai klaster VPP 2 menurun dari 97% menjadi 95%, yang menunjukkan bahwa sistem mampu menjaga kestabilan operasi dan menyeimbangkan kontribusi daya antar klaster VPP. Secara keseluruhan algoritma manajemen energi berbasis rule-based ini mampu mendukung operasi VPP secara terkendali, andal, dan adaptif terhadap kondisi operasi sistem, dengan tetap memperhatikan kesesuaian antara rancangan dan karakteristik teknis inverter yang digunakan.
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Implementation of Photovoltaic (PV) Systems and Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) in Indonesia as of May 2025 remains approximately 1 GW below the planned target. This condition is influenced by several factors, including infrastructure limitations, financing, regulatory challenges, and distribution network readiness. From a technical perspective, increasing PV and BESS penetration may cause voltage rise, reverse power flow, transformer thermal overloading, and power quality degradation. Virtual Power Plants (VPPs) offer a promising solution by coordinating distributed energy resources to operate similarly to utility-scale power plants. However, effective VPP implementation requires an Energy Management System (EMS) capable of optimally managing PV and BESS operation. This study aims to develop a rule-based energy management system for PV and BESS integration in distribution networks. The research methodology includes selecting the configuration and placement of PV and BESS in distribution network, simulations, performing laboratory-scale implementation, and evaluating the proposed design. The results show that the energy management system can regulate power flow among PV, battery storage, loads, and the grid based on the battery State of Charge (SoC) and the relationship between PV generation and load demand. In the simulation stage, all six study scenarios successfully met the designed control algorithm. In the implementation stage, four out of six scenarios were successfully achieved, while two scenarios showed deviations due to the operating characteristics of the battery inverter. The aggregation test results also demonstrate that the algorithm can reliably meet a power export demand of 7 kW for 300 seconds without any operational interruptions. The battery State of Charge (SoC) of VPP Cluster 1 decreased from 99% to 98%, while the battery SoC of VPP Cluster 2 decreased from 97% to 95%. These results indicate that the system is capable of maintaining operational stability while balancing power contributions among the VPP clusters. Overall, the proposed rule-based energy management algorithm effectively supports controlled, reliable, and adaptive VPP operation under varying system conditions, while ensuring compatibility between the control strategy design and the technical characteristics of the deployed inverters.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	BESS, Manajemen Energi, PV, Rule-Based, VPP. BESS, EMS, PV, Rule-Based, VPP.
Subjects:	T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering > TK1007 Electric power systems control
Divisions:	Faculty of Intelligent Electrical and Informatics Technology (ELECTICS) > Electrical Engineering > 20101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	Akhbar Candra Mulyana
Date Deposited:	31 Jul 2026 06:19
Last Modified:	31 Jul 2026 06:19
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/140144

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