Firdausi, Devani Putri (2026) The Influence of Virtual Impedance on Active Power and Reactive Power Behavior in Grid-Forming Inverter using Virtual Synchronous Generator Control. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Peningkatan penggunaan energi terbarukan membuat sistem tenaga listrik semakin bergantung pada inverter-based resources, sehingga peran generator sinkron dan inersia sistem menjadi berkurang. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut, grid-forming inverter dengan kontrol Virtual Synchronous Generator (VSG) digunakan karena mampu meniru karakteristik generator sinkron, seperti inersia dan damping. Namun, pada jaringan dengan impedansi resistif, daya aktif dan daya reaktif masih dapat saling memengaruhi sehingga menimbulkan error pelacakan daya, terutama pada daya reaktif. Penelitian ini membahas pengaruh impedansi virtual terhadap perilaku daya aktif dan daya reaktif pada grid-forming inverter berbasis kontrol VSG. Simulasi dilakukan menggunakan MATLAB/Simulink dengan lima kondisi pengujian, yaitu tanpa impedansi virtual, hanya reaktansi virtual, hanya resistansi virtual, kombinasi keduanya, dan kombinasi impedansi virtual bernilai kecil. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa daya aktif dapat mengikuti referensinya pada semua kondisi, sedangkan daya reaktif masih memiliki error steady-state sekitar 253–255 kVAr. Dengan demikian, impedansi virtual lebih berperan dalam memperbaiki respons transien, seperti mengurangi osilasi dan meningkatkan damping, tetapi belum mampu menghilangkan error daya reaktif pada kondisi steady-state.
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The increasing penetration of renewable energy sources has reduced the role of conventional synchronous generators, leading to lower system inertia and greater dependence on inverter-based resources. To address this issue, grid-forming inverters using Virtual Synchronous Generator (VSG) control are developed to emulate the inertia and damping characteristics of synchronous machines. However, under resistive grid impedance conditions, active and reactive power coupling may cause power tracking errors, especially in reactive power regulation. This study investigates the influence of virtual impedance on the active and reactive power behavior of a grid-forming inverter using VSG control. Virtual resistance and virtual reactance are applied to reshape the effective inverter-grid impedance, and five simulation cases are evaluated using MATLAB/Simulink. The results show that active power successfully tracks its reference in all cases. However, the reactive power still shows a steady-state error of approximately 253–255 kVAr, even when virtual impedance is applied. The use of virtual impedance mainly improves the transient response by reducing oscillations, increasing damping, and enhancing dynamic P–Q decoupling. Therefore, in this implementation, virtual impedance acts primarily as a transient-shaping element rather than a steady-state reactive power correction method.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Grid-Forming Inverter, Power Tracking, Virtual Impedance, Active Power, Reactive Power. |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering > TK1007 Electric power systems control |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Intelligent Electrical and Informatics Technology (ELECTICS) > Electrical Engineering > 20201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Devani Putri Firdausi |
| Date Deposited: | 31 Jul 2026 02:10 |
| Last Modified: | 31 Jul 2026 02:10 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/140338 |
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