Ikhsani, Selvina Ronna (2026) Peningkatan Kesiapan Alat Operasi Terminal Peti Kemas melalui Pendekatan Sistem Berbasis Theory of Constraints dan System-Theoretic Process Analysis dengan Prinsip Lean. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Perusahaan Terminal Peti Kemas adalah perusahaan jasa kepelabuhan yang berperan dalam mendukung kelancaran arus logistik melalui kegiatan bongkar muat peti kemas. Kinerja operasional terminal sangat dipengaruhi oleh tingkat kesiapan alat bongkar muat yang digunakan. Namun, berdasarkan kondisi aktual dan data historis, sistem kesiapan alat masih menghadapi frekuensi gangguan yang tinggi, sehingga menurunkan kinerja operasional terminal dan mengindikasikan adanya constraints sistem yang belum optimal. Penelitian ini berfokus pada pengendalian constraints kesiapan alat agar seluruh elemen operasional dapat berjalan selaras serta mengurangi gangguan operasional melalui pengelolaan risiko sistemik. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah integrasi Theory of Constraints (TOC) dan System-Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) dalam kerangka Lean. TOC diterapkan dalam lima langkah perbaikan berkelanjutan untuk mengidentifikasi dan mengelola constraints, sedangkan STPA digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi kelemahan struktur pengendalian pada tahap peningkatan (elevate) constraints. Prinsip Lean berperan sebagai landasan dalam menghilangkan pemborosan dan menjaga kelancaran aliran proses operasional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa identifikasi constraints utama ada pada alat RTG (Rubber Tyred Gantry) pada komponen Engine yang menyumbang 84,9% dari total downtime alat selama 18.850 jam. Berdasarkan analisis STPA mengidentifikasi 18 Unsafe Control Action dengan 35 Causal Scenarios yang mengungkap empat pola kegagalan sosio-teknis sebagai akar penyebab constraints. Rekomendasi perbaikan diproyeksikan menurunkan lead time dari 2.100 menit menjadi 980 menit, meningkatkan PCE dari 22,9% menjadi 42,9%, serta mendorong peningkatan ketersediaan RTG mencapai target >80%.
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Container terminal companies are port service providers that play a vital role in supporting the smooth flow of logistics through container loading and unloading operations. The operational performance of a container terminal is strongly influenced by the readiness level of its handling equipment. However, based on actual conditions and historical operational data, the equipment readiness system still experiences a high frequency of disruptions, which leads to decreased terminal performance and indicates the presence of system constraints that have not been optimally managed. This study focuses on controlling equipment readiness constraints to ensure alignment among all operational elements and to reduce operational disruptions through systemic risk management. The research method integrates the Theory of Constraints (TOC) and System-Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) within a Lean framework. TOC is applied through five continuous improvement steps to identify and manage system constraints, while STPA is used to identify weaknesses in the control structure during the constraint elevation stage. Lean principles serve as a foundation for eliminating waste and maintaining smooth operational process flows. The outcomes of this research indicate that the main constraints are identified in the RTG (Rubber Tyred Gantry) fleet, specifically in the engine component which contributes 84.9% of total equipment downtime of 18,850 hours. STPA analysis identifies 18 Unsafe Control Actions with 35 causal scenarios that reveal four socio-technical failure patterns as the root causes of constraints. The proposed improvement recommendations are projected to reduce lead time from 2.100 minutes to 980 minutes, increase PCE from 22,9% to 42,9%, and drive RTG fleet availability to reach the target of ≥80%.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Lean Management, System-Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA), Terminal Peti Kemas, Theory of Constraints (TOC) |
| Subjects: | H Social Sciences > HD Industries. Land use. Labor > HD28 Management. Industrial Management T Technology > TS Manufactures > TS174 Maintainability (Engineering) . Reliability (Engineering) T Technology > TS Manufactures > TS183 Manufacturing processes. Lean manufacturing. |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Industrial Engineering > 26201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Selvina Rona Ikhsani |
| Date Deposited: | 31 Jul 2026 02:06 |
| Last Modified: | 31 Jul 2026 02:06 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/140344 |
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