Analisa Termodinamika Pembakaran Batubara dan Co-firing Cangkang Sawit pada Kondisi Air Combustion dan Oxy-Fuel Combustion pada PLTU 100 MWe Boiler CFB Menggunakan Perangkat Lunak GateCycle

Dewangga, Dimas Arya (2026) Analisa Termodinamika Pembakaran Batubara dan Co-firing Cangkang Sawit pada Kondisi Air Combustion dan Oxy-Fuel Combustion pada PLTU 100 MWe Boiler CFB Menggunakan Perangkat Lunak GateCycle. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan listrik nasional, PLTU masih menjadi tulang punggung untuk suplai energi listrik. Namun demikian, pembangkit berbahan bakar fossil ini menghasilkan gas rumah kaca (GRK) yang sangat besar terutama gas karbon dioksida (CO2). Diperlukan strategi dalam ketenaga listrikan untuk dapat memenuhi kebutuhan listrik, namun dapat menekan emisi GRK (dekarbonisasi). Dua strategi yang perlu dipertimbangkan yaitu co-firing biomassa dan implementasi oxy-fuel combustion. Pada penelitian ini akan melakukan analisa termodinamika pada PLTU berkapasitas 100 MWe dengan tipe boiler circulating fluidized bed (CFB) pada variasi rasio co-firing biomassa cangkang sawit (4217 kcal/kg) yang dicampurkan dengan batubara low rank coal (4070 kcal/kg) pada metode pembakaran air combustion dan oxy-fuel combustion dengan menggunakan software GateCycle. Hasil yang didapatkan pada penelitian ini adalah peningkatan rasio biomassa cangkang sawit berdampak pada peningkatan efisiensi boiler, perbaikan parameter efisiensi pembangkit lain seperti NPHR, SFC, dan plant efficiency, serta menurunkan emisi CO2 maupun SO2 dalam flue gas. Namun demikian, peningkatan rasio biomassa juga berdampak pada peningkatan furnace temperature dimana pada pengoperasian boiler CFB perlu dijaga pada temperatur 800-900oC. Di sisi lain, metode pembakaran dengan oxy-fuel combustion memungkinkan penangkapan CO2 yang lebih banyak dan mudah karena konsentrasi pada flue gas menjadi lebih pekat. Namun demikian, dalam upaya dekarbonisasi PLTU metode ini memberikan penalti auxiliary power pada unit yang besar, sehingga energi listrik sebagian besar digunakan untuk menghidupi peralatan air separation unit (ASU) dan CO2 Processing Unit (CPU). Penelitian ini memberikan perspektif dari ilmu termodinamika dan lingkungan terkait upaya dekarbonisasi dalam visi net zero emission (NZE) 2060.
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To meet the increasing national electricity demand, coal-fired power plants (CFPPs) remain the backbone of electricity generation. However, these fossil fuel-based power plants produce significant greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, particularly carbon dioxide (CO₂). Therefore, strategies are required to ensure a reliable electricity supply while simultaneously reducing GHG emissions (decarbonization). Two promising strategies are biomass co-firing and the implementation of oxy-fuel combustion. This study conducts a thermodynamic analysis of a 100 MWe circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler power plant using various co-firing ratios of palm kernel shell (PKS) biomass (4217 kcal/kg) blended with low-rank coal (4070 kcal/kg) under both air combustion and oxy-fuel combustion conditions using GateCycle software. The results indicate that increasing the PKS co-firing ratio improves boiler efficiency and other power plant performance parameters, including the net plant heat rate (NPHR), specific fuel consumption (SFC), and plant efficiency, while reducing CO₂ and SO₂ emissions in the flue gas. However, a higher biomass co-firing ratio also increases the furnace temperature, whereas the operating temperature of a CFB boiler should be maintained within the range of 800–900 °C. On the other hand, the oxy-fuel combustion method enables higher and more efficient CO₂ capture due to the increased CO₂ concentration in the flue gas. Nevertheless, from a power plant decarbonization perspective, this method imposes a significant auxiliary power penalty, as a considerable portion of the generated electricity is consumed by the Air Separation Unit (ASU) and the CO₂ Processing Unit (CPU). This study provides thermodynamic and environmental perspectives on decarbonization strategies to support the achievement of the Net Zero Emissions (NZE) 2060 target.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	PLTU, boiler CFB, co-firing, cangkang sawit, oxy-fuel combustion, Coal-Fired Power Plant, CFB Boiler, Co-firing, Palm Kernell Shell,Oxy-Fuel Combustion
Subjects:	T Technology > T Technology (General) > T57.62 Simulation T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ263.5 Boilers (general) T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ324.5 Fuel systems
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Mechanical Engineering > 21101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	Dimas Arya Dewangga
Date Deposited:	31 Jul 2026 02:14
Last Modified:	31 Jul 2026 02:14
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/140349

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