Winada, Roland Khusnu (2026) Peningkatan Efisiensi Mekanis Sistem Transmisi Engine – Gear Box dengan Analisis Numerik pada Mobil Urban Nogogeni VIII. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kebutuhan untuk meningkatkan efisiensi sistem transmisi pada mobil urban ethanol Nogogeni VIII dalam ajang kompetisi kendaraan hemat energi. Sistem transmisi primer eksisting menggunakan kombinasi rantai-sproket tipe RS-35 yang menghubungkan putaran engine ke gear box. Sistem tersebut menghasilkan kecepatan keliling rantai hingga 10,47 m/s, melampaui batas ideal operasional rantai (10 m/s), sehingga memicu variasi kecepatan chordal sebesar 3,46% yang berisiko meningkatkan getaran, elongasi, dan kerugian daya mekanis. Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang sistem transmisi gear-to-gear roda gigi lurus (spur gear) sebagai alternatif pengganti rantai-sproket, sekaligus menganalisis efisiensi mekanis dan karakteristik pembebanan desainnya secara numerik.
Metode yang digunakan mencakup perhitungan matematis dimensi serta rugi-rugi daya roda gigi, optimasi topologi struktur penyusun roda gigi dengan software SolidWorks, dan pengujian kekuatan material baja AISI 4340 melalui Finite Element Analysis (FEA) menggunakan perangkat lunak ANSYS.
Hasil analisis numerik membuktikan bahwa implementasi transmisi roda gigi lurus (modul 1,75 mm dengan rasio gigi 18T dan 115T) secara signifikan menurunkan kerugian daya akibat gesekan dan beban dinamis. Efisiensi sistem transmisi total kendaraan tercatat meningkat drastis sebesar 23,37%, melonjak dari 65,7% menjadi 89,07% pada putaran engine puncak 6000 rpm. Peningkatan efisiensi ini menambah suplai daya efektif di roda menjadi 4221,9 Watt, yang berdampak langsung pada pemangkasan waktu tempuh akselerasi mobil (dari 0 hingga 40,1 km/jam) dari 6,47 detik menjadi 4,89 detik. Lebih lanjut, proses optimasi topologi pada web roda gigi berhasil memangkas massa total komponen sebesar 74,4% (menjadi 0,994 kg) dan mereduksi momen inersia rotasi sebesar 65,68%. Validasi evaluasi statik (FEA) mengonfirmasi bahwa roda gigi hasil reduksi massa tersebut sangat aman terhadap beban kejut dinamis, menghasilkan tegangan ekuivalen Von-Mises maksimum 601,3 MPa (di bawah batas yield strength 710 MPa) dan Safety Factor (SF) aktual pada bagian web minimum sebesar 3,83.
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This research is driven by the need to improve the transmission system efficiency of the Nogogeni VIII urban ethanol vehicle in energy-efficient vehicle competitions. The existing primary transmission system utilizes an RS-35 chain-sprocket combination connecting the engine rotation to the gearbox. This system produces a chain peripheral speed of up to 10.47 m/s, exceeding the ideal operational limit of the chain (10 m/s), thus triggering a chordal speed variation of 3.46% which risks increasing vibration, elongation, and mechanical power losses. This study aims to design a spur gear-to-gear transmission system as an alternative to the chain-sprocket, as well as to numerically analyze its mechanical efficiency and design loading characteristics.
The methodology involves mathematical calculations of gear dimensions and power losses, topology optimization of the gear structure using SolidWorks software, and strength testing of AISI 4340 steel material through Finite Element Analysis (FEA) using ANSYS software.
The numerical analysis results prove that the implementation of the spur gear transmission (1.75 mm module; 18T and 115T gear ratio) significantly reduces power losses due to friction and dynamic loads. The total vehicle transmission system efficiency is recorded to increase drastically by 23.37%, jumping from 65.7% to 89.07% at a peak engine speed of 6000 rpm. This efficiency improvement increases the effective power supply at the wheels to 4221.9 Watts, directly impacting the reduction of the car's acceleration time (from 0 to 40.1 km/h) from 6.47 seconds to 4.89 seconds. Furthermore, the topology optimization process on the gear web successfully cuts the total component mass by 74.4% (to 0.994 kg) and reduces the rotational moment of inertia by 65.68%. Static evaluation validation (FEA) confirms that the mass-reduced gear is highly safe against dynamic shock loads, producing a maximum equivalent Von-Mises stress of 601.3 MPa (below the yield strength limit of 710 MPa) and an actual minimum Safety Factor (SF) of 3.83.
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