Rasyid, Anggoro Dias Ainur (2026) Efisiensi Energi Produksi Aspal Beton Pada Campuran Hangat AC-BC Dengan Penambahan Zeolit Alam. Doctoral thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Pemanfaatan Asbuton sebagai bahan pengikat campuran beraspal masih menghadapi kendala berupa viskositas tinggi yang meningkatkan suhu pencampuran dan pemadatan, konsumsi energi, biaya produksi, serta emisi CO₂. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh Zeolit Alam Klinoptilolit dan Mordenit sebagai aditif Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) pada campuran Asphalt Concrete-Binder Course (AC-BC) menggunakan Aspal Penetrasi 60/70, Asbuton Murni B-50/30, dan Performance Grade 70 (PG-70), serta mengembangkan hubungan Structure–Process–Performance–Energy (SPPE). Zeolit berukuran 75 µm ditambahkan melalui metode pencampuran basah pada kadar 2,5%; 5,0%; 7,5%; dan 10,0% terhadap berat bahan pengikat. Karakteristik material dianalisis menggunakan XRD, XRF, FTIR, SEM–EDX, BET, dan TGA, sedangkan kinerja campuran dievaluasi melalui pengujian viskositas dan Marshall pada kondisi suhu normal, penurunan suhu 30 °C dan 45 °C, serta retensi suhu pemadatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa campuran acuan dengan kadar aspal optimum 5,0% menghasilkan stabilitas Marshall sebesar 1.756,977 kg. Penambahan zeolit alam optimum sebesar 7,5% melalui metode wet process mampu menurunkan suhu pencampuran dan pemadatan hingga 30 °C dengan tetap memenuhi seluruh karakteristik Marshall, yaitu stabilitas, flow, VIM, VMA, VFA, dan Marshall Quotient, sesuai Spesifikasi Umum Bina Marga 2018. Hasil karakterisasi XRD, FTIR, SEM-EDX, BET, XRF, dan TGA menunjukkan bahwa aktivasi dan kalsinasi meningkatkan karakteristik fisikokimia zeolit sehingga memperkuat mekanisme foaming dan meningkatkan workability. Zeolit alam mordenit memberikan performa lebih baik dibandingkan klinoptilolit karena memiliki luas permukaan dan ukuran pori yang lebih besar. Stabilitas Marshall tertinggi diperoleh pada Asbuton Murni B-50/30 sebesar 2.456,161 kg, Aspal PG-70 sebesar 2.278,176 kg, dan Aspal Penetrasi 60/70 sebesar 1.707,598 kg. Model regresi menunjukkan hubungan yang sangat kuat dan signifikan antara karakteristik zeolit, kondisi proses, dan kinerja Marshall (R² = 0,9778; F = 158,72; p < 0,001). Penerapan WMA berbasis zeolit menghasilkan penghematan energi sebesar 16,13–17,65%, penurunan emisi 5,402–10,051 kg CO₂/ton, serta penghematan biaya produksi hingga Rp. 88.578/ton. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa mordenit merupakan aditif yang lebih efektif untuk menghasilkan campuran AC-BC berbasis Asbuton pada suhu produksi lebih rendah tanpa menurunkan kinerja mekanik sekaligus meningkatkan efisiensi energi dan mengurangi emisi CO₂.
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The use of Asbuton as a binder in asphalt mixtures still faces challenges due to its high viscosity, which increases mixing and compaction temperatures, energy consumption, production costs, and CO₂ emissions. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of natural clinoptilolite and mordenite zeolites as Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) additives in Asphalt Concrete-Binder Course (AC-BC) mixtures using 60/70 penetration asphalt, Pure Asbuton B-50/30, and Performance Grade 70 (PG-70) asphalt, and to develop the Structure–Process–Performance–Energy (SPPE) relationship. Zeolite with a particle size of 75 µm was incorporated using the wet process at dosages of 2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5%, and 10.0% by binder weight. Material characteristics were evaluated using XRD, XRF, FTIR, SEM–EDX, BET, and TGA. Mixture performance was assessed through viscosity and Marshall tests under conventional conditions and at reduced mixing and compaction temperatures of 30 °C and 45°C. The results showed that the reference mixture with an optimum asphalt content of 5.0% achieved a Marshall stability of 1,756.977 kg. The optimum zeolite content of 7.5%, applied using the wet process, reduced the mixing and compaction temperatures by 30 °C while maintaining all Marshall properties, including stability, flow, VIM, VMA, VFA, and Marshall Quotient, in accordance with the 2018 General Specifications for Highways. The XRD, FTIR, SEM–EDX, BET, XRF, and TGA analyses indicated that activation and calcination enhanced the physicochemical properties of the zeolite, thereby improving the foaming mechanism and mixture workability. Mordenite outperformed clinoptilolite due to its larger surface area and pore size, resulting in a more effective foaming mechanism. The highest Marshall stability values were obtained for Pure Asbuton B-50/30 2456.161 kg, followed by PG-70 asphalt 2278.176 kg and 60/70 penetration asphalt 1707.598 kg. The regression model demonstrated a very strong and statistically significant relationship between zeolite characteristics, process conditions, and Marshall performance (R² = 0.9778; F = 158.72; p < 0.001). The application of zeolite-based WMA achieved energy savings of 16.13–17.65%, CO₂ emission reductions of 5.402–10.051 kg CO₂/ton, and production cost savings of up to Rp 88,578 per ton. These findings demonstrate that mordenite is a more effective additive than clinoptilolite for producing Asbuton-based AC-BC mixtures at lower production temperatures without compromising mechanical performance, while simultaneously improving energy efficiency and reducing CO₂ emissions.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Doctoral) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Asbuton Murni B-50/30, Aspal Concrete-Binder Course (AC-BC), campuran hangat aspal beton, karakteristik Marshall, zeolit alam. |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) > TA418.16 Materials--Testing. T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) > TA443.A7 Asphalt T Technology > TE Highway engineering. Roads and pavements > TE250.P475 Pavements--Design and construction--Estimates. T Technology > TE Highway engineering. Roads and pavements > TE251.T74 Pavements--Design and construction |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Civil Engineering > 22001-(S3) PhD Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Anggoro Dias Ainur Rasyid |
| Date Deposited: | 04 Aug 2026 08:05 |
| Last Modified: | 04 Aug 2026 08:05 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/140429 |
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