Perancangan Purwarupa dan Validasi Eksperimental Tangki Penyimpanan Hidrogen Berbasis Hidrida Logam AB2

Ramadhan, Faizal (2026) Perancangan Purwarupa dan Validasi Eksperimental Tangki Penyimpanan Hidrogen Berbasis Hidrida Logam AB2. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Transisi menuju energi bersih mendorong pengembangan teknologi penyimpanan hidrogen yang aman, ringkas, dan berkapasitas tinggi. Salah satu metode yang menjanjikan adalah penyimpanan hidrogen berbasis hidrida logam (metal hydride), yang memiliki densitas energi volumetrik tinggi dan karakteristik operasi yang stabil. Namun, kajian mengenai metode perancangan tangki hidrida logam secara komprehensif, mulai dari perhitungan kebutuhan energi hingga evaluasi performa aktual, masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang dan melakukan fabrikasi tangki hidrida logam berbasis kebutuhan energi sistem fuel cell, serta mengembangkan perangkat uji guna mengevaluasi karakteristik termal dan performanya dalam menyimpan atau melepaskan hidrogen. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan kebutuhan energi, untuk mengoperasikan fuel cell 300 W selama 6 jam diperlukan energi sebesar 4,5 kWh, yang ekuivalen dengan 135 gram hidrogen, sehingga dibutuhkan sekitar 7,67 kg hidrida logam jenis AB2. Tangki kemudian dirancang menggunakan material SS 316 dengan bentuk silinder dan volume internal 2.532 cm³, sehingga mampu menampung hidrida logam sebanyak 7,8 kg. Tangki berhasil difabrikasi sesuai desain dan diuji menggunakan perangkat uji berbasis flow method yang dilengkapi Mass Flow Controller (MFC), sensor tekanan, serta sensor suhu. Perangkat uji ini mampu memonitor laju aliran, tekanan, dan dinamika termal hidrida logam secara real‑time selama proses absorbsi dan desorbsi. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa tangki mampu menyimpan hidrogen pada variasi laju aliran 5–15 SLPM dengan kapasitas maksimum 92,69 gram, dan mampu melepaskan hidrogen hingga 65,77 gram. Proses absorbsi menyebabkan kenaikan suhu hidrogen hingga 75°C, sedangkan proses desorbsi menurunkan suhu hidrida logam hingga –18°C, menunjukkan kuatnya pengaruh fenomena termal terhadap performa sorpsi. Kapasitas hidrogen yang tersimpan hanya mampu menyuplai fuel cell 300 W selama 4,12 jam, sedangkan kapasitas hidrogen yang dilepas hanya cukup untuk 2,92 jam, sehingga belum memenuhi kebutuhan operasi 6 jam sesuai desain awal. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa tangki hidrida logam yang dirancang telah berfungsi dan mampu melakukan proses penyimpanan serta pelepasan hidrogen, namun performanya masih dibatasi oleh ketidakoptimalan perpindahan panas selama absorbsi dan desorbsi. Optimalisasi sistem manajemen panas diperlukan agar kapasitas sorpsi dan desorpsi dapat mencapai nilai maksimum dan memenuhi kebutuhan aplikasi fuel cell secara penuh ====================================================================================================================================
The transition toward clean energy has accelerated the development of hydrogen storage technologies that are safe, compact, and capable of delivering high storage density. Metal hydride–based hydrogen storage offers promising advantages due to its high volumetric energy density and stable operating characteristics. However, comprehensive studies covering the full design methodology of metal hydride tanks—from energy requirement calculations to fabrication and performance evaluation—remain limited. This study aims to design and fabricate a metal hydride tank based on the energy requirements of a fuel cell system, as well as to develop a test apparatus to evaluate its thermal characteristics and performance in storing and releasing hydrogen. Based on the calculated energy requirement, operating a 300 W fuel cell for 6 hours requires 4.5 kWh, equivalent to 135 grams of hydrogen, which corresponds to approximately 7.67 kg of AB2 type metal hydride. The tank was designed using SS 316 material in a cylindrical configuration with an internal volume of 2,532 cm³, enabling it to store 7.8 kg of metal hydride. The fabricated tank was tested using a flow based experimental setup equipped with a Mass Flow Controller (MFC), pressure sensors, and temperature sensors. This apparatus successfully monitored hydrogen flow rate, pressure, and the thermal behavior of the metal hydride in real time during both absorption and desorption processes. Experimental results show that the tank can store hydrogen at flow rates of 5–15 SLPM with a maximum capacity of 92.69 grams, and release up to 65.77 grams. The absorption process increased hydrogen temperature to 75°C, while the desorption process reduced the metal hydride temperature to –18°C, highlighting the strong influence of thermal phenomena on sorption performance. The stored hydrogen was able to supply a 300 W fuel cell for 4.12 hours, whereas the released hydrogen supported operation for 2.92 hours, both falling short of the 6 hour design target. This study concludes that the fabricated metal hydride tank operates successfully and is capable of storing and releasing hydrogen; however, its performance is constrained by suboptimal heat transfer during absorption and desorption. Enhanced thermal management is required to achieve maximum sorption capacity and meet the full operational demands of fuel cell applications.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Hidrogen, Tangki Penyimpanan, Purwarupa, Perancangan, Eksperimen, Hidrida Logam, Penyimpanan Hidrogen, Hydrogen, Storage Tank, Prototype, Design, Experimental Testing, Metal Hydride, Hydrogen Storage
Subjects:	Q Science T Technology > T Technology (General) T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ165 Energy storage.
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology > Mechanical Engineering > 21101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	Mr Faizal Ramadhan
Date Deposited:	04 Aug 2026 01:44
Last Modified:	04 Aug 2026 01:44
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/140500

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