Effect Of Additive Addition and Vaporization Time on Hemodialysis Membranes on the Characteristics and Performance of Polyether Sulfone (PES) Membranes

Nisa', Zahrotin (2026) Effect Of Additive Addition and Vaporization Time on Hemodialysis Membranes on the Characteristics and Performance of Polyether Sulfone (PES) Membranes. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Penyakit Ginjal Kronis (PGK) merupakan salah satu isu kesehatan global yang memerlukan terapi pengganti ginjal berupa hemodialisis menggunakan membran semipermeabel. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh konsentrasi polietersulfon (PES), jenis aditif polivinilpirolidon (PVP) dengan berat molekul berbeda (PVP40 dan PVPK90), dan waktu penguapan terhadap karakteristik dan kinerja membran flat sheet hemodialisis, serta menentukan kondisi proses optimal menggunakan Response Surface Methodology dengan Central Composite Design (CCD). Membran difabrikasi melalui metode inversi fasa casting menggunakan N-metil-2-pirolidon (NMP) sebagai pelarut. Pemilihan pelarut didasarkan pada analisis Hansen Solubility Parameter yang mengkonfirmasi kompatibilitas NMP dengan PES. Karakterisasi membran meliputi porositas, kadar air, sudut kontak, kekuatan mekanis, dan morfologi SEM, sedangkan kinerja membran dievaluasi melalui permeabilitas, clearance urea, clearance kreatinin, dan rejeksi BSA. Seluruh formulasi membran menunjukkan karakter hidrofilik dengan sudut kontak di bawah 60°. Peningkatan konsentrasi PES menurunkan porositas dan permeabilitas akibat delayed demixing yang lebih kuat, sedangkan PVPK90 menghasilkan pori permukaan lebih teratur dan rejeksi BSA lebih tinggi dibandingkan PVP40. Waktu penguapan terbukti sebagai faktor paling dominan terhadap permeabilitas berdasarkan analisis ANOVA (p < 0.0001). Hasil optimasi CCD menunjukkan kondisi optimal pada PES 14%, PVPK90 murni, dan waktu penguapan 0 detik, pada eksperimen menghasilkan permeabilitas 128,571 L/bar.m2.jam, clearance urea sebesar 30,89%, clearance kreatinin sebesar 37,42%, dan rejeksi BSA sebesar 82,66% dengan nilai desirability 0.765, menjadikan formulasi ini kandidat membran high-flux yang menjanjikan untuk aplikasi hemodialisis.
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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a major global health issue requiring renal replacement therapy through hemodialysis using semipermeable membranes. This study aims to investigate the effects of polyethersulfone (PES) concentration, type of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) additive with different molecular weights (PVP40 and PVPK90), and evaporation time on the characteristics and performance of hemodialysis flat sheet membranes, as well as to determine the optimal process conditions using Response Surface Methodology with Central Composite Design (CCD). Membranes were fabricated via the phase inversion casting method using N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) as solvent, selected based on Hansen Solubility Parameter analysis confirming NMP–PES compatibility. Membrane characterization included porosity, water content, contact angle, mechanical strength, and SEM morphology, while membrane performance was evaluated through permeability, urea clearance, creatinine clearance, and BSA rejection. All membrane formulations exhibited hydrophilic character with contact angles below 50°. Increasing PES concentration decreased porosity and permeability due to stronger delayed demixing, while PVPK90 produced more uniform surface pores and higher BSA rejection compared to PVP40. Evaporation time was confirmed as the most dominant factor affecting permeability by ANOVA analysis (p < 0.0001). CCD optimization identified optimal conditions at PES 14%, pure PVPK90, and evaporation time of 0 seconds, at experiment yielding permeability 128,571 L/bar.m².jam, urea clearance of 30,89%, creatinine clearance of 37,42%, dan BSA rejection of 82,66% with a desirability value of 0.765, establishing this formulation as a promising high-flux membrane candidate for hemodialysis applications.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Central Composite Design; Hemodialisis; Membran flat sheet; Polietersulfon; Polivinilpirolidon; Waktu penguapan; Evaporation time; Flat sheet membrane; Hemodialysis; Polyethersulfone; Polyvinylpyrrolidone
Subjects:	T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP1140 Polymers T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP248.25.M46 Membrane separation
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Chemical Engineering > 24101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	Zahrotin Nisa'
Date Deposited:	31 Jul 2026 06:46
Last Modified:	31 Jul 2026 06:46
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/140521

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