Studi Numerik Kinerja Turbin Hidrokinetik Hybrid (Darrieus–Savonius) Bertingkat dengan Bilah Savonius Berbasis Fibonacci dan Variasi Rasio Soliditas pada Bilah Darrieus

Javani, Dimas Rio (2026) Studi Numerik Kinerja Turbin Hidrokinetik Hybrid (Darrieus–Savonius) Bertingkat dengan Bilah Savonius Berbasis Fibonacci dan Variasi Rasio Soliditas pada Bilah Darrieus. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Kebutuhan energi nasional yang terus meningkat seiring pertumbuhan penduduk, urbanisasi, dan perkembangan industri mendorong pengembangan energi baru dan terbarukan (EBT) sebagai alternatif pengganti energi fosil yang lebih berkelanjutan dan ramah lingkungan. Indonesia memiliki potensi energi hidrokinetik yang besar dari aliran sungai, kanal, dan perairan lainnya, namun pemanfaatannya masih belum optimal. Salah satu teknologi yang berpotensi dikembangkan adalah turbin hidrokinetik hybrid (Darrieus–Savonius) yang mampu mengombinasikan kemampuan self-starting rotor Savonius dengan efisiensi konversi energi rotor Darrieus. Pada penelitian ini dikembangkan turbin hidrokinetik hybrid bertingkat dengan rotor Darrieus pada bagian atas menggunakan profil hidrofoil NACA 0018 dan rotor Savonius berbasis spiral Fibonacci pada bagian bawah untuk meningkatkan karakteristik aliran dan performa turbin. Analisis numerik dilakukan menggunakan metode Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tiga dimensi transient dengan model turbulensi Shear Stress Transport (SST) k-ω untuk memprediksi karakteristik aliran fluida dan performa turbin. Variasi rasio soliditas bilah Darrieus yang digunakan yaitu σ = 0,50; 0,65; 0,80; 0,95; dan 1,10 guna mengetahui pengaruh perubahan soliditas terhadap kemampuan ekstraksi energi turbin. Simulasi dilakukan pada kecepatan aliran 1 m/s dengan rentang Tip Speed Ratio (TSR) 0,2–2,3. Parameter performa yang dianalisis meliputi koefisien daya (Cp) dan koefisien momen (Cm), serta distribusi tekanan, kontur kecepatan, dan pola interaksi wake di sekitar rotor turbin guna memahami karakteristik interaksi fluida yang memengaruhi performa turbin hybrid secara keseluruhan. v Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rasio soliditas memberikan pengaruh signifikan terhadap performa turbin hidrokinetik hybrid. Turbin dengan rasio soliditas tinggi memiliki kemampuan self-starting yang lebih baik pada TSR rendah akibat meningkatnya gaya tangensial pada bilah. Nilai koefisien momen maksimum diperoleh pada rasio soliditas σ = 1,10 dengan nilai Cm sebesar 0,12 pada TSR 0,5. Sementara itu, nilai koefisien daya maksimum tertinggi diperoleh pada rasio soliditas σ = 0,95 dengan nilai Cp sebesar 0,082 pada TSR 1,0. Peningkatan rasio soliditas hingga kondisi optimum mampu meningkatkan kemampuan ekstraksi energi, namun rasio soliditas yang terlalu tinggi menyebabkan peningkatan drag, blockage effect, dan interaksi wake antarbilah yang menurunkan efisiensi turbin. Hasil visualisasi kontur tekanan dan kecepatan menunjukkan bahwa konfigurasi soliditas σ = 0,95 menghasilkan distribusi aliran yang lebih stabil, memperluas zona tekanan rendah pada suction side bilah Darrieus, serta mengurangi hambatan pada returning blade rotor Savonius. Dengan demikian, konfigurasi tersebut memberikan performa paling optimal pada turbin hidrokinetik hybrid bertingkat yang dikaji dalam penelitian ini.
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The continuously increasing national energy demand, driven by population growth, urbanization, and industrial development, urges the development of new and renewable energy (NRE) as a more sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative to fossil fuels. Indonesia possesses significant hydrokinetic energy potential from river streams, canals, and other water bodies however, its utilization remains suboptimal. One technology with development potential is the hybrid hydrokinetic turbine (Darrieus–Savonius), which combines the self-starting capability of the Savonius rotor with the energy conversion efficiency of the Darrieus rotor. In this study, a multistage hybrid hydrokinetic turbine was developed, featuring an upper Darrieus rotor utilizing a NACA 0018 hydrofoil profile and a lower Savonius rotor based on a Fibonacci spiral to enhance flow characteristics and turbine performance. Numerical analysis was conducted using a three-dimensional transient Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method with the Shear Stress Transport (SST) k-ω turbulence model to predict fluid flow characteristics and turbine performance. Variations in the solidity ratio of the Darrieus blades were set at σ = 0.50, 0.65, 0.80, 0.95, and 1.10 to evaluate the effect of solidity changes on the turbine's energy extraction capability. Simulations were performed at a flow velocity of 1 m/s across a Tip Speed Ratio (TSR) range of 0.2–2.3. The analyzed performance parameters included the power coefficient (Cp) and moment coefficient (Cm), alongside pressure distribution, velocity contours, and wake interaction patterns around the turbine rotors to understand the fluid interaction characteristics influencing the overall performance of the hybrid turbine. vii The results indicate that the solidity ratio significantly influences the performance of the hybrid hydrokinetic turbine. Turbines with a higher solidity ratio exhibit superior self-starting capabilities at low TSRs due to increased tangential forces on the blades. The maximum moment coefficient was obtained at a solidity ratio of σ = 1.10, yielding a Cm value of 0.12 at a TSR of 0.5. Meanwhile, the highest maximum power coefficient was achieved at a solidity ratio of σ = 0.95, with a Cp value of 0.082 at a TSR of 1.0. Increasing the solidity ratio up to the optimum condition enhances energy extraction capacity however, an excessively high solidity ratio leads to increased drag, blockage effect, and blade-to-blade wake interactions, which degrade turbine efficiency. Visualizations of pressure and velocity contours demonstrate that the σ = 0.95 solidity configuration produces a more stable flow distribution, expands the low-pressure zone on the suction side of the Darrieus blades, and reduces drag on the returning blades of the Savonius rotor. Consequently, this configuration delivers the most optimal performance for the multistage hybrid hydrokinetic turbine investigated in this study.

Item Type: Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords: Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), Koefisien Daya (Cp), Koefisien Momen (Cm), Turbin Hybrid (Darrieus–Savonius), Soliditas, Spiral Fibonacci, CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics), Cp (Power Coefficient), Cm (Moment Coefficient), Hybrid turbine (Darrieus–Savonius), Solidity, Fibonacci Spiral
Subjects: T Technology > TC Hydraulic engineering. Ocean engineering > TC147 Ocean wave power.
T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ266 Turbines. Turbomachines (General)
T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ808 Renewable energy sources. Energy harvesting.
T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ870 Hydraulic turbines.
Divisions: Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Mechanical Engineering > 21101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User: Dimas Rio Javani
Date Deposited: 31 Jul 2026 08:20
Last Modified: 31 Jul 2026 08:21
URI: http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/140585

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