Nanofluida Core-Shell CuO@SiO2 Terfungsionalisasi CTAB Untuk Enhanced Oil Recovery Secara Kimia Pada Reservoir Minyak Dengan Temperatur Dan Salinitas Tinggi

Aptadi, Yudhistira Septian (2026) Nanofluida Core-Shell CuO@SiO2 Terfungsionalisasi CTAB Untuk Enhanced Oil Recovery Secara Kimia Pada Reservoir Minyak Dengan Temperatur Dan Salinitas Tinggi. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Minyak bumi masih menjadi salah satu sumber energi utama, sementara produksi dari reservoir tua terus mengalami penurunan. Salah satu tantangan utama pada reservoir karbonat adalah kondisi temperatur dan salinitas tinggi yang dapat menurunkan efektivitas fluida injeksi, terutama akibat ketidakstabilan dispersi dan lemahnya kemampuan fluida dalam mengubah sifat antarmuka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mensintesis, mengarakterisasi, dan mengevaluasi performansi nanofluida core-shell CuO@SiO₂ terfungsionalisasi CTAB sebagai fluida injeksi Chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery pada reservoir minyak bertemperatur dan bersalinitas tinggi. Nanopartikel CuO disintesis, kemudian dilapisi SiO₂ dengan variasi 1, 2, dan 3 lapis serta difungsionalisasi CTAB pada rasio CTAB:NP = 1:1, 1:2, dan 1:3. Nanofluida dipreparasi pada konsentrasi 0,01 wt%, 0,025 wt%, dan 0,05 wt% menggunakan fluida basis air:etilen glikol (50:50). Karakterisasi nanopartikel dilakukan melalui XRD, SEM-EDX, & FTIR. Karakterisasi nanofluida dilakukan melalui pengujian IFT, sudut kontak, & stabilitas dispersi. Pemilihan formulasi optimum nanofluida menggunakan metode AHP-TOPSIS dan diambil 3 variasi untuk dilakukan uji core flooding. Hasil karakterisasi menunjukkan terbentuknya struktur CuO@SiO₂-CTAB yang ditandai oleh puncak khas CuO, keberadaan unsur Cu, O, dan Si, serta ikatan Cu–O, Si–O–Si, Cu–O–Si, dan C–H dari CTAB. Seluruh nanofluida mampu mengubah permukaan karbonat menjadi water-wet dengan sudut kontak di bawah 25°. Formulasi optimum berdasarkan AHP-TOPSIS adalah CuO@SiO₂ 1 lapis dengan rasio CTAB:NP = 1:3 pada konsentrasi 0,025 wt% dengan nilai preferensi 0,7557. Formulasi ini memiliki IFT terhadap udara 40,4 mN/m, time constant 2897 menit, dan menghasilkan oil recovery tertinggi sebesar 67,65 ± 1,47% pada kondisi LTHS dengan rata-rata recovery 49,63%. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa nanofluida core-shell CuO@SiO₂ terfungsionalisasi CTAB memiliki potensi sebagai fluida injeksi Chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery pada reservoir minyak bertemperatur dan bersalinitas tinggi. Hasil ini juga menunjukkan bahwa performansi EOR tidak hanya ditentukan oleh IFT dan sudut kontak terendah, tetapi oleh keseimbangan antara stabilitas dispersi, interaksi antarmuka, dan kemampuan nanofluida bergerak di dalam pori batuan.
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Petroleum remains one of the main energy sources, while production from mature reservoirs continues to decline. One of the major challenges in carbonate reservoirs is high-temperature and high-salinity conditions, which can reduce the effectiveness of injection fluids due to dispersion instability and limited interfacial modification capability. This study aims to synthesize, characterize, and evaluate CTAB-functionalized core-shell CuO@SiO₂ nanofluid as an injection fluid for Chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery in high-temperature and high-salinity oil reservoirs. CuO nanoparticles were synthesized, coated with SiO₂ using 1, 2, and 3 shell layers, and functionalized with CTAB at CTAB:NP ratios of 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3. The nanofluids were prepared at concentrations of 0.01 wt%, 0.025 wt%, and 0.05 wt% using a water:ethylene glycol base fluid with a ratio of 50:50. Nanoparticle characterization was conducted using XRD, SEM-EDX, and FTIR, while nanofluid characterization was carried out through interfacial tension, contact angle, and dispersion stability tests. The optimum formulation was selected using the AHP-TOPSIS method, followed by core flooding tests on three selected variations. The characterization results confirmed the formation of CuO@SiO₂-CTAB, indicated by characteristic CuO peaks, the presence of Cu, O, and Si elements, and Cu–O, Si–O–Si, Cu–O–Si, and C–H bonds associated with CTAB. All nanofluids altered the carbonate surface toward a water-wet condition, with contact angles below 25°. The optimum formulation was CuO@SiO₂ with one SiO₂ layer, a CTAB:NP ratio of 1:3, and a concentration of 0.025 wt%, with a preference value of 0.7557. This formulation showed an air interfacial tension of 40.4 mN/m, a time constant of 2897 minutes, and the highest oil recovery of 67.65 ± 1.47% under LTHS conditions, with an average recovery of 49.63%. These results indicate that CTAB-functionalized core-shell CuO@SiO₂ nanofluid has potential as an injection fluid for Chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery in high-temperature and high-salinity reservoirs.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Chemical Enhanced oil Recovery, CuO@SiO₂-CTAB, energi bersih dan terjangkau, nanofluida, reservoir temperatur dan salinitas tinggi, affordable and clean energy, Chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery, CuO@SiO₂-CTAB, high-temperature and high-salinity reservoir, nanofluid.
Subjects:	T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP248 Nanogels. Nanoparticles. T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP994 Surface active agents.
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Physics Engineering > 30201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Yudhistira Septian Aptadi
Date Deposited:	04 Aug 2026 01:01
Last Modified:	04 Aug 2026 01:01
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/140604

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