Pradhana, Hendy Indra (2026) Rancang Bangun Alat Penyosoh Gabah Padi Portable Untuk Skala Rumah Tangga Dengan Variasi Tingkat Penyosohan. Diploma thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Beras merupakan bahan pangan pokok masyarakat Indonesia. Meningkatnya kesadaran masyarakat terhadap pola hidup sehat mendorong peningkatan konsumsi brown rice karena memiliki kandungan serat, vitamin, dan mineral yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan white rice. Namun, mesin penyosoh dan penyosoh gabah yang tersedia umumnya dirancang untuk skala industri dengan kapasitas besar, konsumsi daya tinggi, serta belum mampu menghasilkan tingkat penyosohan yang dapat disesuaikan untuk kebutuhan rumah tangga. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan merancang, merealisasikan, dan memvalidasi prototipe alat penyosoh dan penyosoh gabah padi portabel untuk skala rumah tangga yang mampu menghasilkan brown rice dan white rice melalui pengaturan tingkat penyosohan. Penelitian dilaksanakan melalui tahapan identifikasi kebutuhan, studi literatur, perancangan teknis, perhitungan elemen mesin, fabrikasi, perakitan, serta pengujian kinerja prototipe. Pengujian dilakukan menggunakan dua jenis gabah, yaitu gabah non-tersortir dan gabah tersortir, dengan variasi bukaan gate sebagai parameter pengaturan tingkat penyosohan. Parameter yang diamati meliputi konsumsi daya listrik, kapasitas kerja, hasil beras bersih, jumlah proses penyosohan, dan waktu pengujian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prototipe berhasil direalisasikan dan mampu menghasilkan brown rice maupun white rice melalui pengaturan bukaan gate. Hasil beras bersih tertinggi yang diperoleh pada proses brown rice sebesar 695 g, sedangkan pada proses white rice sebesar 710 g. Konsumsi daya selama pengujian berada pada rentang 101,2–112,2 W, dengan kapasitas kerja tertinggi sebesar 2,27 kg/jam. Variasi bukaan gate terbukti memengaruhi tingkat penyosohan, hasil beras, kapasitas kerja, serta konsumsi daya. Secara keseluruhan, alat yang dikembangkan mampu menghasilkan tingkat penyosohan yang dapat disesuaikan dengan konsumsi daya yang relatif rendah, sehingga berpotensi menjadi alternatif teknologi pengolahan gabah portabel untuk kebutuhan rumah tangga.
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Rice is the staple food of the Indonesian population. Increasing public awareness of healthy lifestyles has led to a growing demand for brown rice due to its higher dietary fiber, vitamin, and mineral content compared to white rice. However, most rice hulling and polishing machines currently available are designed for industrial-scale applications with high capacity and high power consumption, and they generally do not provide adjustable milling levels suitable for household use. Therefore, this study aims to design, fabricate, and validate a portable household-scale rice hulling and polishing machine capable of producing both brown rice and white rice through adjustable milling levels. The research was conducted through the stages of requirement identification, literature review, engineering design, machine element calculations, fabrication, assembly, and prototype performance testing. The performance tests were carried out using two types of paddy, namely non-sorted paddy and sorted paddy, with variations in the gate opening as the milling level adjustment parameter. The observed parameters included power consumption, working capacity, clean rice yield, number of milling cycles, and processing time. The results showed that the prototype was successfully fabricated and was capable of producing both brown rice and white rice by adjusting the gate opening. The highest clean rice yield obtained for the brown rice process was 695 g, while the highest yield for the white rice process reached 710 g. The power consumption ranged from 101.2 to 112.2 W, with the highest working capacity reaching 2.27 kg/h. Variations in the gate opening were found to affect the degree of milling, clean rice yield, working capacity, and power consumption. Overall, the developed prototype was able to provide an adjustable degree of milling with relatively low power consumption, making it a promising alternative technology for household-scale rice processing.
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