Plant Design of Coal Water Mixture (CWM) Using Microwave Processing of Low-Rank Coal

Fauzan, Kresna Ramadhani (2026) Plant Design of Coal Water Mixture (CWM) Using Microwave Processing of Low-Rank Coal. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

This final project presents a comprehensive plant design for the production of Coal Water Mixture (CWM) from low-rank coal using microwave drying technology. The proposed facility, with a production capacity of 20,000 tons per year, is designed to operate continuously for 330 days annually. Low-rank coal (LRC) from PT Bukit Asam (BA-50 grade) is processed through a series of unit operations including crushing, grinding, microwave drying, and mixing with water and additives (sodium lignosulfonate and carboxymethyl cellulose) to produce a stable slurry fuel. Key design aspects include detailed mass and energy balances, equipment specification and costing, plant layout, and a preliminary HAZOP analysis for safety. The economic evaluation, based on location analysis selecting Sumatra as the optimal site, indicates the project's feasibility with a positive Net Present Value (NPV) of IDR 140,286,647,576, and a Payback Period (POT) of 4.46 years. Sensitivity analysis reveals that the project's profitability is most sensitive to the selling price of CWM. The designed CWM product meets target specifications, including a coal concentration of 45, higher caloric value, and high stability, serving as a viable alternative to Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) and a more ease than Pulverized fine coal. The project also considers positive social impacts through job creation and addresses environmental aspects via emission control systems. Overall, this plant design demonstrates the technical and economic viability of utilizing Indonesia's abundant low-rank coal resources to produce a more cost-effective liquid fuel alternative.
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Tugas akhir ini menyajikan desain pabrik secara komprehensif untuk produksi Coal Water Mixture (CWM) dari batubara peringkat rendah (low-rank coal) menggunakan teknologi pengeringan microwave. Pabrik yang dirancang memiliki kapasitas produksi sebesar 20.000 ton per tahun dan dirancang untuk beroperasi secara kontinu selama 330 hari per tahun. Batubara peringkat rendah (LRC) dari PT Bukit Asam (BA-50 grade) diproses melalui serangkaian unit operasi yang meliputi penghancuran, penggilingan, pengeringan menggunakan microwave, serta pencampuran dengan air dan bahan aditif berupa sodium lignosulfonate dan carboxymethyl cellulose untuk menghasilkan bahan bakar slurry yang stabil. Aspek utama dalam perancangan meliputi neraca massa dan energi secara terperinci, spesifikasi dan estimasi biaya peralatan, tata letak pabrik, serta analisis HAZOP awal untuk aspek keselamatan. Evaluasi ekonomi, berdasarkan analisis lokasi yang memilih Sumatra sebagai lokasi optimal, menunjukkan bahwa proyek ini layak secara ekonomi dengan Net Present Value (NPV) positif sebesar Rp140.286.647.576 dan Payback Period (POT) selama 4,46 tahun. Analisis sensitivitas menunjukkan bahwa profitabilitas proyek paling sensitif terhadap harga jual CWM. Produk CWM yang dirancang memenuhi spesifikasi yang ditargetkan, termasuk konsentrasi batubara sebesar 45%, nilai kalor yang lebih tinggi, dan stabilitas yang tinggi. Produk ini dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif yang layak untuk Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) serta lebih mudah digunakan dibandingkan batubara halus hasil pulverisasi (pulverized fine coal). Perancangan ini juga mempertimbangkan dampak sosial positif melalui penciptaan lapangan kerja serta aspek lingkungan melalui penerapan sistem pengendalian emisi. Secara keseluruhan, desain pabrik ini menunjukkan kelayakan teknis dan ekonomi dalam memanfaatkan sumber daya batubara peringkat rendah Indonesia yang melimpah untuk menghasilkan alternatif bahan bakar cair yang lebih ekonomis.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Subjects:	T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP155.5 Chemical plants--Design and construction
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Chemical Engineering > 24201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Kresna Ramadhani Fauzan
Date Deposited:	01 Aug 2026 05:52
Last Modified:	01 Aug 2026 05:52
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/140633

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