Pengembangan Elektroda Hibrida Reduced Graphene Oxide – Polyaniline pada Kinerja Solid-State Supercapacitors

Fitriyah, Annur (2026) Pengembangan Elektroda Hibrida Reduced Graphene Oxide – Polyaniline pada Kinerja Solid-State Supercapacitors. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Kebutuhan energi yang terus meningkat mendorong pengembangan sistem penyimpanan energi yang efisien dan berkelanjutan, di mana superkapasitor solid-state menjadi solusi menjanjikan karena kepadatan daya tinggi, pengisian cepat, dan umur siklus panjang. Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh rasio komposisi elektroda hibrida reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-polyaniline (PANI) terhadap karakteristik material dan performansi solid-state supercapacitors berbasis solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) PVA-Ga(NO3)3 15 wt%. Elektroda disintesis melalui polimerisasi in situ dengan lima variasi komposisi (100% rGO, 80%, 66,7%, 50%, dan 33,3% rGO-PANI) dan difabrikasi menggunakan doctor blade coating, sedangkan SPE disintesis melalui solution casting dengan garam Gallium Nitrate 15 wt% dan gliserol sebagai plasticizer. Karakterisasi elektroda dilakukan menggunakan XRD, FTIR, SEM, dan Spektroskopi Raman, sedangkan performa elektrokimia dievaluasi melalui EIS, CV, dan GCD. SPE yang dihasilkan bersifat dominan amorf (87,21%) dengan konduktivitas ionik orde 10-4 S/cm. Penambahan PANI terbukti mencegah restacking lembaran rGO melalui interaksi π–π, membuka jalur difusi ion, dan menambah kontribusi pseudokapasitansi melalui reaksi redoks. Komposisi 80% rGO-PANI menunjukkan kristalinitas optimal (68,26%) dengan distribusi PANI merata, dikonfirmasi oleh SEM, FTIR, dan Raman yang menunjukkan interaksi kimia rGO-PANI yang kuat serta perubahan derajat defect pada jaringan karbon. Konduktivitas bulk tertinggi (9,37 × 10-5 S/cm) dan konduktivitas antarmuka (2,95 × 10-4 S/cm) pada 70°C dikonfirmasi melalui EIS. Uji CV menunjukkan kurva quasi-rectangular yang mengindikasikan mekanisme EDLC dengan kontribusi pseudokapasitif, dengan kapasitansi spesifik tertinggi 812,71 F/g pada scan rate 5 mV/s, sementara GCD mengonfirmasi kapasitansi spesifik 766,73 F/g, densitas energi 9,173 Wh/kg, densitas daya 234,8 W/kg, dan IR drop terkecil 0,012 V. Penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa komposisi 80% rGO-PANI merupakan konfigurasi optimal dengan keseimbangan terbaik antara konduktivitas elektronik, aksesibilitas ion, dan kapasitansi pseudokapasitif pada solid-state supercapacitors.
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The growing energy demand has driven the development of efficient and sustainable energy storage systems, in which solid-state supercapacitors have emerged as a promising solution due to their high power density, fast charging, and long cycle life. This study analyzes the effect of the composition ratio of hybrid reduced graphene oxide (rGO)–polyaniline (PANI) electrodes on the material characteristics and performance of solid-state supercapacitors based on a PVA-Ga(NO3)3 15 wt% solid polymer electrolyte (SPE). The electrodes were synthesized via in situ polymerization with five composition variations (100% rGO, 80%, 66.7%, 50%, and 33.3% rGO-PANI) and fabricated using doctor blade coating, while the SPE was synthesized through solution casting with 15 wt% gallium nitrate salt and glycerol as a plasticizer. Electrode characterization was performed using XRD, FTIR, SEM, and Raman spectroscopy, while electrochemical performance was evaluated through EIS, CV, and GCD. The resulting SPE was predominantly amorphous (87.21%) with an ionic conductivity on the order of 10-4 S/cm. The addition of PANI was proven to prevent restacking of rGO sheets through π–π interactions, open ion diffusion pathways, and enhance the pseudocapacitive contribution through redox reactions. The 80% rGO-PANI composition exhibited an optimal crystallinity (68.26%) with a uniform PANI distribution, confirmed by SEM, FTIR, and Raman spectroscopy, which revealed strong rGO-PANI chemical interaction and a measurable change in the structural defect degree of the carbon network. EIS confirmed the highest bulk conductivity (9.37 × 10-5 S/cm) and interfacial conductivity (2.95 × 10-4 S/cm) at 70°C. CV testing showed quasi-rectangular curves indicating an EDLC mechanism with pseudocapacitive contribution, with the highest specific capacitance of 812.71 F/g at a scan rate of 5 mV/s, while GCD confirmed a specific capacitance of 766.73 F/g, an energy density of 9.173 Wh/kg, a power density of 234.8 W/kg, and the smallest IR drop of 0.012 V. This study demonstrates that the 80% rGO-PANI composition is the optimal configuration, yielding the best balance between electronic conductivity, ion accessibility, and pseudocapacitive capacitance in solid-state supercapacitors.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	reduced graphene oxide, polyaniline, energi terbarukan, penyimpanan energi, solid-state supercapacitors, reduced graphene oxide, polyaniline, renewable energy, energy storage, solid-state supercapacitors
Subjects:	Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD115 Electrochemical analysis
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Physics Engineering > 30201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Annur Fitriyah
Date Deposited:	03 Aug 2026 00:59
Last Modified:	03 Aug 2026 00:59
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/140820

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