Analisis Eco-Efficiency Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Uap (PLTU) di Jawa Menggunakan Pendekatan Slack-Based Measure Data Envelopment Analysis (SBM-DEA)

Kharish, Muhammad Shofyan Al (2026) Analisis Eco-Efficiency Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Uap (PLTU) di Jawa Menggunakan Pendekatan Slack-Based Measure Data Envelopment Analysis (SBM-DEA). Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Uap (PLTU) masih menjadi tulang punggung sistem ketenagalistrikan Indonesia dengan kontribusi dominan terhadap pasokan listrik nasional. Namun, tingginya konsumsi batubara serta emisi karbon dioksida (CO₂) menyebabkan evaluasi kinerja PLTU tidak lagi cukup dilakukan hanya berdasarkan efisiensi operasional, melainkan juga perlu mempertimbangkan aspek lingkungan melalui konsep eco-efficiency. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur tingkat eco-efficiency PLTU berbasis batubara di Pulau Jawa, mengidentifikasi sumber ketidakefisienan operasional dan lingkungan, serta menyusun rekomendasi peningkatan kinerja berdasarkan unit benchmark yang efisien. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) dengan model Slack-Based Measure (SBM) non-radial, asumsi Variable Returns to Scale (VRS), dan pendekatan non-oriented. Penentuan variabel dilakukan melalui Systematic Literature Review dan verifikasi ahli menggunakan metode Delphi. Variabel penelitian terdiri atas kapasitas terpasang dan konsumsi batubara sebagai input, produksi listrik sebagai desirable output, serta emisi CO₂ sebagai undesirable output. Objek penelitian mencakup 33 unit PLTU di Pulau Jawa dengan data sekunder periode tahun 2021. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 12 Decision Making Unit (DMU) berada pada kondisi efisien dengan skor eco-efficiency sebesar 1,000, sedangkan 21 DMU lainnya masih belum efisien dengan tingkat efisiensi yang bervariasi. Secara regional, PLTU di Jawa Tengah memiliki rata-rata eco-efficiency tertinggi, sedangkan PLTU Suralaya Unit 8 memperoleh skor terendah sebesar 0,4539. Analisis slack menunjukkan bahwa sumber utama ketidakefisienan berasal dari emisi CO₂, diikuti konsumsi batubara dan kapasitas terpasang, sedangkan variabel produksi listrik tidak menunjukkan adanya slack. Analisis benchmark menunjukkan bahwa PLTU Labuan Unit 01 merupakan benchmark dominan bagi sejumlah PLTU yang belum efisien. Hasil analisis sensitivitas menunjukkan bahwa pengurangan konsumsi batubara memberikan peningkatan nilai eco-efficiency yang lebih besar dibandingkan penurunan emisi CO₂. Kajian karakteristik operasional menunjukkan bahwa penerapan teknologi yang efisien, pengelolaan bahan bakar, pemeliharaan berbasis keandalan, serta program efisiensi energi dan lingkungan mendukung pencapaian eco-efficiency yang tinggi. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan menjadi dasar evaluasi bagi pengelola pembangkit dan pemangku kebijakan dalam meningkatkan eco-efficiency melalui efisiensi konsumsi batubara dan pengendalian dampak lingkungan.
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Coal-Fired Power Plants (CFPPs) remain the backbone of Indonesia’s electricity system, contributing significantly to the national electricity supply. However, high coal consumption and carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions indicate that power plant performance evaluation can no longer rely solely on conventional operational efficiency, but must also consider environmental aspects through the concept of eco-efficiency. This study aims to measure the eco-efficiency of coal-fired power plants in Java Island, identify sources of operational and environmental inefficiency, and develop performance improvement recommendations based on efficient benchmark units. This study employs Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) using a non-radial Slack-Based Measure (SBM) model with Variable Returns to Scale (VRS) assumptions and a non-oriented approach. Variable selection was conducted through Systematic Literature Review and expert verification using the Delphi method. The research variables consist of installed capacity and coal consumption as inputs, electricity generation as the desirable output, and CO₂ emissions as the undesirable output. The object of study includes 33 CFPP units in Java Island, treated as Decision Making Units (DMUs), using secondary data from 2021. The results indicate that 12 DMUs are classified as efficient with an eco-efficiency score of 1.000, while the remaining 21 DMUs are inefficient with varying efficiency levels. Regionally, CFPPs in Central Java exhibit the highest average eco-efficiency, whereas Suralaya Unit 8 records the lowest score of 0.4539. Slack analysis reveals that CO₂ emissions are the primary source of inefficiency, followed by coal consumption and installed capacity, while electricity generation shows no slack values. Benchmark analysis identifies Labuan Unit 01 as the dominant benchmark for several inefficient CFPP units. Sensitivity analysis further indicates that reducing coal consumption provides a greater improvement in eco-efficiency than reducing CO₂ emissions. Operational characteristics also suggest that efficient technology, optimized fuel management, reliability-centered maintenance, and energy and environmental management support higher eco-efficiency. The findings are expected to support power plant operators and policymakers in improving eco-efficiency through more efficient coal utilization and better environmental performance.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	eco-efficiency, PLTU, Data Envelopment Analysis, SBM-DEA, emisi, benchmark, batubara, eco-efficiency, coal-fired power plant, Data Envelopment Analysis, SBM-DEA, emissions, benchmark, coal
Subjects:	H Social Sciences > HA Statistics > HA31.38 Data envelopment analysis. T Technology > T Technology (General) > T58.8 Productivity. Efficiency T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering > TK1001 Production of electric energy or power T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering > TK1322.6 Electric power-plants
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology > Industrial Engineering > 26201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Muhammad Shofyan Al Kharish
Date Deposited:	31 Jul 2026 06:26
Last Modified:	31 Jul 2026 06:26
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/140873

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