Studi Eksperimental dan Numerik Desain Atap Solar Still Terhadap Efisiensi Termal dan Sistem Pada Proses Desalinasi Air Laut

Fitri, Azizah Marsha Al (2026) Studi Eksperimental dan Numerik Desain Atap Solar Still Terhadap Efisiensi Termal dan Sistem Pada Proses Desalinasi Air Laut. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Keterbatasan akses terhadap air bersih di wilayah pesisir dan kepulauan mendorong pengembangan teknologi desalinasi berbasis energi surya yang efisien. Salah satu tantangan utama pada sistem solar still adalah rendahnya produktivitas dan efisiensi akibat kehilangan panas selama proses evaporasi dan kondensasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh geometri atap, jenis lapisan (layer), dan sudut kemiringan atap terhadap performa termal solar still, serta menentukan konfigurasi desain atap terbaik untuk meningkatkan efisiensi sistem dan termal desalinasi air laut. Penelitian dilakukan melalui kombinasi metode eksperimen dan simulasi Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) menggunakan ANSYS Fluent. Eksperimen digunakan sebagai dasar validasi model pada konfigurasi double slope single layer dengan sudut kemiringan 30°, sedangkan simulasi dilakukan pada variasi geometri single slope, double slope, dan hemispherical slope, tipe atap single layer dan double layer, serta sudut kemiringan 25°, 30°, 35°, dan 40°. Validasi model menunjukkan selisih temperatur atap dan air terhadap data eksperimen berada di bawah 10%, sehingga model dinyatakan layak digunakan untuk analisis numerik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa geometri, jenis layer, dan sudut kemiringan atap memberikan pengaruh signifikan terhadap distribusi temperatur, perpindahan panas, serta efisiensi sistem solar still. Geometri hemispherical slope menghasilkan distribusi temperatur yang lebih merata dibandingkan single slope dan double slope, sedangkan penggunaan double layer mampu mengurangi kehilangan panas eksternal dan meningkatkan laju evaporasi. Konfigurasi terbaik diperoleh pada hemispherical slope double layer dengan sudut kemiringan 25° (H2_25), yang menghasilkan efisiensi termal sebesar 83,37%, efisiensi sistem sebesar 25,24%, dan prediksi produksi distilat mecapai 584,79 mL per hari. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa optimasi desain atap mampu meningkatkan performa termal solar still secara signifikan. Selain itu, penelitian ini mendukung pencapaian SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation) melalui pengembangan teknologi penyediaan air bersih berbasis desalinasi, serta SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy) melalui pemanfaatan energi surya sebagai sumber energi terbarukan yang berkelanjutan.
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Limited access to clean water in coastal and island regions has encouraged the development of efficient solar-powered desalination technologies. One of the main challenges of conventional solar still systems is their relatively low productivity and efficiency due to heat losses during evaporation and condensation processes. This study aims to investigate the effects of roof geometry, roof layer configuration, and roof inclination angle on the thermal performance of a solar still system and to determine the optimum roof design for enhancing seawater desalination performance. The study employed a combination of experimental and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) approaches using ANSYS Fluent. Experimental testing was conducted on a double-slope single-layer solar still with a 30° roof inclination angle and used for model validation. Numerical simulations were then performed on three roof geometries (single slope, double slope, and hemispherical slope), two roof configurations (single layer and double layer), and four inclination angles (25°, 30°, 35°, and 40°). Validation results indicated that the differences between simulated and experimental roof and water temperatures were below 10%, demonstrating satisfactory model accuracy for further analysis. The results revealed that roof geometry, layer configuration, and inclination angle significantly influenced temperature distribution, heat transfer characteristics, and overall solar still performance. The hemispherical geometry produced a more uniform temperature distribution than the single-slope and double-slope configurations, while the double-layer roof effectively reduced external heat losses and enhanced evaporation rates. The optimum configuration was identified as the hemispherical double-layer roof with a 25° inclination angle (H2_25), achieving a thermal efficiency of 83.37%, a system efficiency of 25.24%, and a predicted distillate production of 584.79 mL per day. The findings demonstrate that roof design optimization can substantially improve the thermal performance of solar still systems. Furthermore, this research supports the achievement of SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation) through the development of solar-based desalination technology for clean water production and SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy) through the utilization of renewable solar energy as a sustainable energy source.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	solar still, desain atap, efisiensi termal, energi surya, pengolahan air, solar still, roof geometry, thermal efficiency, solar energy, water treatment
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD420 Water pollution T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD433 Water treatment plants T Technology > TS Manufactures > TS171 Product design
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Physics Engineering > 30201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Azizah Marsha Al Fitri
Date Deposited:	01 Aug 2026 03:21
Last Modified:	01 Aug 2026 03:21
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/140874

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