Transformasi Struktural Karbon Aktif Menjadi Material Dengan Karakter Karbon Grafitik Dan Grafena Oksida Melalui Metode Impregnasi Tembaga

Pratama, Muhammad Rizky (2026) Transformasi Struktural Karbon Aktif Menjadi Material Dengan Karakter Karbon Grafitik Dan Grafena Oksida Melalui Metode Impregnasi Tembaga. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Karbon aktif merupakan material karbon berpori yang banyak digunakan karena ketersediaannya yang melimpah serta harga yang relatif murah. Meskipun demikian, karbon aktif umumnya masih memiliki struktur amorf dengan tingkat keteraturan kristal yang rendah, sehingga menyebabkan keterbatasan pada sifat konduktivitas listrik, stabilitas termal, dan aplikasinya dalam bidang material maju. Untuk mengatasi keterbatasan tersebut, diperlukan modifikasi struktur guna meningkatkan keteraturan karbon aktif agar mendekati karakteristik karbon grafitik dan grafena oksida. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh impregnasi tembaga terhadap perubahan struktur karbon aktif serta menganalisis karakteristik struktur, morfologi, komposisi unsur, dan sifat kimia permukaan material hasil sintesis. Proses preparasi karbon aktif dilakukan melalui pencucian menggunakan isopropanol, aktivasi dengan larutan HCl 0,1 M, serta perlakuan termal pada suhu 200 °C. Selanjutnya, karbon aktif dimodifikasi menggunakan metode impregnasi dengan prekursor CuSO₄·5H₂O untuk menghasilkan material tembaga/karbon aktif (Cu/AC). Material hasil sintesis kemudian dikarakterisasi dengan Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), dan Spektroskopi Raman. Hasil karakterisasi FTIR menunjukkan munculnya pita vibrasi Cu-O yang mengindikasikan terbentuknya oksida tembaga pada permukaan karbon. Analisis XRD memperlihatkan bahwa karbon aktif memiliki struktur turbostratik amorf, sedangkan material Cu/AC menunjukkan terbentuknya fase CuO dan Cu₂O serta kecenderungan peningkatan keteraturan struktur karbon menjadi karakter grafitik dan grafena oksida. Hasil SEM menunjukkan bahwa struktur berpori karbon aktif tetap terjaga dengan adanya deposisi partikel tembaga pada permukaan material. Analisis EDX mengonfirmasi keberadaan unsur C, O, Cu, dan S pada material. Hasil XPS menunjukkan perubahan komposisi kimia permukaan serta keberadaan Cu dalam bentuk oksidasi Cu⁺ dan Cu²⁺. Analisis Raman menunjukkan peningkatan rasio ID/IG dari 0,61 menjadi 0,814 yang mengindikasikan peningkatan defek struktur akibat interaksi dengan tembaga. Secara keseluruhan, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa impregnasi tembaga mampu memodifikasi struktur karbon aktif menjadi karakteristik karbon grafitik serta grafena oksida.
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Activated carbon is a porous carbon material widely utilized due to its abundant availability and relatively low cost. However, it generally exhibits an amorphous structure with a low degree of crystallinity, which leads to limitations in electrical conductivity, thermal stability, and its applicability in advanced material fields. To address these limitations, structural modification is required to enhance the ordering of activated carbon toward graphitic carbon and graphene oxide-like characteristics. This study aims to investigate the effect of copper impregnation on the structural transformation of activated carbon and to analyze the structural, morphological, elemental, and surface chemical properties of the synthesized material. The preparation of activated carbon involved washing with isopropanol, activation using 0.1 M HCl solution, and thermal treatment at 200 °C. Subsequently, the activated carbon was modified via an impregnation method using CuSO₄·5H₂O as a precursor to produce a copper/activated carbon (Cu/AC) composite. The synthesized material were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), and Raman spectroscopy. FTIR results indicated the emergence of Cu-O vibrational bands, suggesting the formation of copper oxides on the carbon surface. XRD analysis revealed that the activated carbon possessed a turbostratic amorphous structure, while the Cu/AC composite exhibited the formation of CuO and Cu₂O phases along with a tendency toward increased structural ordering, approaching graphitic and graphene oxide-like characteristics. SEM observations confirmed that the porous structure of activated carbon was preserved, with copper particles deposited on the material surface. EDX analysis verified the presence of C, O, Cu, and S elements in the composite. XPS results demonstrated changes in surface chemical composition and confirmed copper in both Cu⁺ and Cu²⁺ oxidation states. Raman analysis showed an increase in the ID/IG ratio from 0.61 to 0.814, indicating an increase in structural defects induced by copper interaction. Overall, the results demonstrate that copper impregnation effectively modifies the structure of activated carbon, promoting transformation toward graphitic carbon and graphene oxide-like characteristics.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	grafena oksida, impregnasi tembaga, karbon aktif, karbon grafitik, activated carbon, copper impregnation, graphitic carbon, graphene oxide
Subjects:	Q Science Q Science > QD Chemistry Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD341.H9 Graphene Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD75.2 Chemistry, Analytic
Divisions:	Faculty of Science and Data Analytics (SCIENTICS) > Chemistry > 47201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Muhammad Rizky Pratama
Date Deposited:	01 Aug 2026 01:31
Last Modified:	01 Aug 2026 01:31
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/140948

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