Pretreatment Limbah Padat Organik Rumah Tangga Menggunakan Kombinasi Selulase dan Lipase pada Produksi Biogas secara Anaerobic Digestion

Mahdiyin, Muhammad Ganda (2026) Pretreatment Limbah Padat Organik Rumah Tangga Menggunakan Kombinasi Selulase dan Lipase pada Produksi Biogas secara Anaerobic Digestion. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Krisis energi global dan meningkatnya emisi gas rumah kaca akibat penggunaan bahan bakar fosil menuntut adanya alternatif energi terbarukan yang ramah lingkungan. Biogas menjadi salah satu solusi potensial karena dapat dihasilkan dari limbah organik, termasuk limbah domestik melalui proses anaerobic digestion. Struktur selulosa dan lipid dalam limbah domestik bersifat kompleks dan stabil membuat struktur tersebut sulit terdegradasi oleh mikroorganisme dalam anaerobic digester secara langsung, sehingga perlu dilakukan pretreatment untuk mendegradasi molekul tersebut menjadi molekul yang lebih sederhana. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan efisiensi produksi biogas dengan menerapkan pretreatment enzimatik menggunakan kombinasi selulase dan lipase. Selulase dihasilkan dari Trichoderma harzianum, sedangkan lipase diperoleh dari Bacillus subtilis. Enzim - enzim tersebut diproduksi, diuji aktivitasnya, dipurifikasi parsial, dilakukan karakterisasi, serta diaplikasikan pada substrat limbah domestik. Pretreatment dilakukan dengan variasi kombinasi enzim (selulase, lipase, dan kombinasi keduanya), dilanjutkan dengan proses anaerobic digestion menggunakan kotoran sapi sebagai sumber bakteri metanogenik. Parameter yang diamati meliputi kadar gula pereduksi dengan menggunakan reagen asam 3,5-dinitrosalisilat (DNS), total lipid dengan metode gravimetri, dan volume biogas yang dihasilkan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pretreatment enzimatik memberikan pengaruh nyata (p<0,05) terhadap kadar gula reduksi, total lipid, dan produksi biogas. Perlakuan kombinasi selulase dan lipase menghasilkan kadar gula pereduksi sebesar 5,49 ± 0,13 mg/mL, total lipid sebesar 3,00 ± 0,28%, serta produksi biogas kumulatif tertinggi sebesar 7,10 ± 0,14 ml. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi selulase dan lipase mampu meningkatkan hidrolisis substrat sehingga memperbaiki efisiensi produksi biogas.
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The global energy crisis and the increasing greenhouse gas emissions resulting from the extensive use of fossil fuels have intensified the need for environmentally friendly renewable energy sources. Biogas has emerged as a promising alternative because it can be produced from organic waste, including domestic organic waste, through anaerobic digestion. However, the cellulose and lipid components in domestic waste possess complex and stable structures that are difficult for microorganisms in anaerobic digesters to degrade directly. Therefore, a pretreatment process is required to convert these complex compounds into simpler molecules. This study aimed to improve biogas production efficiency by applying enzymatic pretreatment using a combination of cellulase and lipase. Cellulase was produced by Trichoderma harzianum, while lipase was obtained from Bacillus subtilis. The enzymes were produced, their activities were evaluated, partially purified, characterized, and subsequently applied to domestic organic waste as the substrate. The pretreatment consisted of various enzyme combinations (cellulase, lipase, and their combination), followed by anaerobic digestion using cow manure as a source of methanogenic bacteria. The observed parameters included reducing sugar content determined using the 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method, total lipid content determined by the gravimetric method, and cumulative biogas production. The results showed that enzymatic pretreatment had a significant effect (p < 0.05) on reducing sugar content, total lipid content, and biogas production. The combined cellulase and lipase treatment produced the highest reducing sugar content of 5.49 ± 0.13 mg/mL, a total lipid content of 3.00 ± 0.28%, and the highest cumulative biogas production of 7.10 ± 0.14 mL. These findings indicate that the synergistic action of cellulase and lipase enhanced substrate hydrolysis, thereby improving the efficiency of biogas production.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Anaerobic digestion, Biogas, Limbah Rumah Tangga, Lipase, Pretreatment, Selulase, Anaerobic digestion, Biogas, Cellulase, Household waste, Lipase, Pretreatment
Subjects:	Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD251.2 Chemistry, Organic. Biochemistry Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD320 Cellulose. Hydrolysis Q Science > QH Biology > QH301 Biology Q Science > QK Botany > QK898.L56 Lipids Q Science > QR Microbiology > QR74.8 Bacteria
Divisions:	Faculty of Science and Data Analytics (SCIENTICS) > Biology > 46201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Muhammad Ganda Mahdiyin
Date Deposited:	01 Aug 2026 01:30
Last Modified:	01 Aug 2026 01:30
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/140956

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