Pengaruh Konsentrasi Inokulum Fungi Asal Limbah Kulit Kopi Robusta (Coffea canephora) Terhadap Degradasi Tanin Dari Beberapa Limbah Pertanian

Putri, Reisha Kania (2026) Pengaruh Konsentrasi Inokulum Fungi Asal Limbah Kulit Kopi Robusta (Coffea canephora) Terhadap Degradasi Tanin Dari Beberapa Limbah Pertanian. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Limbah pertanian seperti kulit kopi Robusta (Coffea canephora), kulit pisang, dan kulit nanas mengandung tanin yang dapat menghambat pemanfaatannya. Salah satu upaya untuk menurunkan kadar tanin adalah melalui biodegradasi menggunakan fungi penghasil enzim tanase. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi fungi indigenous pendegradasi tanin yang diisolasi dari limbah kulit kopi Robusta, menentukan konsentrasi inokulum dan waktu inkubasi optimum terhadap aktivitas enzim tanase dan kadar tanin, serta mengetahui efektivitasnya pada berbagai substrat limbah pertanian. Penelitian dilaksanakan dalam tiga tahap, yaitu isolasi dan identifikasi fungi berdasarkan karakter morfologi makroskopis dan mikroskopis, optimasi konsentrasi inokulum (0, 10, 15, dan 20% v/v) serta waktu inkubasi selama 10 hari menggunakan metode submerged fermentation, kemudian pengujian pada limbah kulit kopi, kulit pisang, dan kulit nanas menggunakan kondisi optimum. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif, sedangkan pengaruh jenis substrat dianalisis menggunakan Two-Way ANOVA yang dilanjutkan dengan uji Tukey pada taraf kepercayaan 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berhasil diisolasi enam fungi yang terdiri atas empat isolat Aspergillus sp., satu isolat Fusarium sp., dan satu isolat Rhizopus sp. Hasil skrining pada media Tannic Acid Agar menunjukkan bahwa Fusarium sp. memiliki kemampuan degradasi tanin terbaik sehingga dipilih untuk tahap fermentasi. Kondisi optimum diperoleh pada konsentrasi inokulum 10% (v/v) dengan waktu inkubasi 7 hari, menghasilkan aktivitas enzim tanase sebesar 0,345 U/mL dan menurunkan kadar tanin dari 23,3% menjadi 6,7%. Pada pengujian substrat, limbah kulit pisang menghasilkan aktivitas tanase tertinggi sebesar 0,383 U/mL dengan efisiensi penurunan kadar tanin 70,16%, diikuti limbah kulit kopi (68,88%), sedangkan limbah kulit nanas menunjukkan aktivitas enzim dan efisiensi penurunan kadar tanin terendah. Hasil Two-Way ANOVA menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi inokulum, jenis substrat, dan interaksi keduanya berpengaruh signifikan terhadap aktivitas enzim tanase (p < 0,001) serta kadar tanin (seluruhnya p < 0,001). Dengan demikian, Fusarium sp. indigenous dari limbah kulit kopi Robusta berpotensi dimanfaatkan sebagai agen biodegradasi tanin pada limbah pertanian, dengan konsentrasi inokulum 10% (v/v) dan waktu inkubasi 7 hari sebagai kondisi fermentasi optimum. ======================================================================================================================================
Agricultural wastes such as Robusta coffee husk (Coffea canephora), banana peel, and pineapple peel contain tannins that may limit their utilization. One approach to reducing tannin content is biodegradation using tannase-producing fungi. This study aimed to identify indigenous tannin-degrading fungi isolated from Robusta coffee husk, determine the optimum inoculum concentration and incubation period for tannase activity and tannin reduction, and evaluate their effectiveness on different agricultural waste substrates. The study was conducted in three stages: isolation and identification of fungi based on macroscopic and microscopic morphological characteristics; optimization of inoculum concentrations (0, 10, 15, and 20% v/v) and incubation periods for 10 days using the submerged fermentation method; and evaluation of the optimum condition on Robusta coffee husk, banana peel, and pineapple peel substrates. Data were analyzed descriptively, while the effect of substrate type was analyzed using Two-Way Analysis of Variance (Two-Way ANOVA) followed by Tukey's post hoc test at a 95% confidence level. The results showed that six fungal isolates were successfully obtained, consisting of four Aspergillus spp., one Fusarium sp., and one Rhizopus sp. Screening on Tannic Acid Agar (TAA) revealed that Fusarium sp. exhibited the highest tannin-degrading ability and was therefore selected for the fermentation stage. The optimum condition was achieved at an inoculum concentration of 10% (v/v) with an incubation period of 7 days, resulting in a tannase activity of 0.345 U/mL and reducing tannin content from 23.3% to 6.7%. Among the tested substrates, banana peel produced the highest tannase activity (0.383 U/mL) with a tannin reduction efficiency of 70.16%, followed by Robusta coffee husk (68.88%), whereas pineapple peel exhibited the lowest tannase activity and tannin reduction efficiency. Two-Way ANOVA demonstrated that inoculum concentration, substrate type, and their interaction had significant effects on tannase activity (p < 0.001) as well as tannin content ( p < 0.001). Therefore, indigenous Fusarium sp. isolated from Robusta coffee husk has considerable potential as a biological agent for tannin biodegradation in agricultural wastes, with an inoculum concentration of 10% (v/v) and an incubation period of 7 days representing the optimum fermentation conditions.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Degradasi, Fusarium sp., Konsentrasi inokulum, Limbah pertanian, Agricultural waste, Degradation, Inoculum concentration, Tannin
Subjects:	Q Science > QR Microbiology
Divisions:	Faculty of Science and Data Analytics (SCIENTICS) > Biology > 46201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Reisha Kania Putri
Date Deposited:	31 Jul 2026 00:51
Last Modified:	31 Jul 2026 00:51
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/140962

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