Produksi dan Karakterisasi Biochar Biomassa Kelapa Sawit Melalui Proses Dry Torrefaction untuk Pemanfaatan pada Sistem Co-Firing

Azzahra, Nurul Irsha and Kurniawan, Nabila Maharani (2026) Produksi dan Karakterisasi Biochar Biomassa Kelapa Sawit Melalui Proses Dry Torrefaction untuk Pemanfaatan pada Sistem Co-Firing. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Serat mesokarp kelapa sawit merupakan residu lignoselulosa yang berpotensi dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan bakar padat, tetapi penggunaannya masih dibatasi oleh kadar air tinggi, kandungan volatil fixed carbon rendah, dan nilai kalor rendah. Penelitian bertujuan mengevaluasi pengaruh pretreatment fisik dan pretreatment kimia menggunakan NaOH 1,5 N yang dilanjutkan dengan dry torrefaction terhadap karakteristik biochar untuk aplikasi co-firing. Pretreatment fisik dilakukan dengan memotong serat hingga ukuran 1 cm, sedangkan torrefaction berlangsung selama 30 menit pada suhu 250, 270, dan 300°C dalam kondisi minim oksigen. Produk dianalisis menggunakan FTIR, analisis proksimat, dan pengujian nilai kalor. Biomassa awal memiliki kadar air 22,78%, kadar abu 5,36%, volatile matter 69,92%, fixed carbon 1,94%, dan nilai kalor 9,26 MJ/kg. Peningkatan suhu torrefaction pada pretreatment fisik menurunkan kadar air dari 8,0% menjadi 4,0%, kadar abu 4,9% menjadi 4,4%, dan volatile matter dari 68,5% menjadi 57,0%, serta meningkatkan fixed carbon dari 18,6% menjadi 34,6% dan nilai kalor dari 19 menjadi 25 MJ/kg. Sampel NaOH 1,5 N menunjukkan kadar abu dan volatile matter yang lebih tinggi , fixed carbon dan nilai kalor yang lebih rendah dibandingkan pretreatment fisik. Spektrum FTIR menunjukkan pelemahan pita O–H, C–H alifatik, C–O, dan C–O–C seiring peningkatan suhu, yang mengindikasikan dehidrasi, devolatilisasi, dan pengurangan gugus beroksigen. Kondisi terbaik diperoleh pada pretreatment fisik dan torrefaction 300°C karena menghasilkan karakteristik bahan bakar paling baik dan memenuhi standar industri untuk mendukung pemanfaatan biochar pada sistem co-firing. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan NaOH 1,5 N belum efektif meningkatkan mutu energi biochar pada kondisi penelitian yang diterapkan.
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Oil palm mesocarp fiber is a lignocellulosic residue with potential as a solid fuel, but its utilization is limited by high moisture content, high volatile matter, low fixed carbon, and low calorific value. This study evaluated the effects of physical pretreatment and chemical pretreatment using 1.5 N NaOH, followed by dry torrefaction, on biochar characteristics for co-firing applications. Physical pretreatment was conducted by cutting the fibers to approximately 1 cm, while torrefaction was performed for 30 minutes at 250, 270, and 300°C under oxygen-limited conditions. The products were characterized using FTIR, proximate analysis, and calorific value testing. The raw biomass contained 22.78% moisture, 5.36% ash, 69.92% volatile matter, 1.94% fixed carbon, and had a calorific value of 9.26 MJ/kg. Increasing the torrefaction temperature after physical pretreatment reduced moisture from 8.0% to 4.0%, ash from 4.9% to 4.4%, and volatile matter from 68.5% to 57.0%, while increasing fixed carbon from 18.6% to 34.6% and calorific value from 19 to 25 MJ/kg. Samples treated with 1.5 N NaOH showed higher ash and volatile matter, but lower fixed carbon and calorific value than physically pretreated samples. FTIR spectra indicated weakening of O–H, aliphatic C–H, C–O, and C–O–C bands with increasing temperature, indicating dehydration, devolatilization, and removal of oxygenated groups. The optimum condition was physical pretreatment followed by torrefaction at 300°C, which produced the best fuel characteristics and met industrial standards for biochar utilization in co-firing systems. Overall, 1.5 N NaOH did not effectively improve biochar energy quality under the experimental conditions applied herein.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	oil palm mesocarp fiber, biochar, dry torrefaction, pretreatment, co-firing, : serat mesokarp, biochar, dry torrefaction, pretreatment, co-firing.
Subjects:	T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP339 Ethanol as fuel. Biomass energy.
Divisions:	Faculty of Vocational > 24305-Industrial Chemical Engineering Technology
Depositing User:	Nabila Maharani Kurniawan
Date Deposited:	31 Jul 2026 08:48
Last Modified:	31 Jul 2026 08:48
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/140976

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