Analisis Pengaruh Coal Switching pada PLTU 315 MW terhadap Performa Pembangkit dan Heating Part Boiler

Karistalia, Manda (2026) Analisis Pengaruh Coal Switching pada PLTU 315 MW terhadap Performa Pembangkit dan Heating Part Boiler. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Kebutuhan energi listrik di Indonesia yang terus meningkat mendorong pemanfaatan batu bara berkalori rendah melalui proses coal switching sebagai upaya menjaga keberlanjutan pasokan energi pada Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Uap (PLTU). Namun, penggunaan batu bara dengan nilai High Heating Value (HHV) yang lebih rendah berpotensi menurunkan performa pembangkit dan kemampuan perpindahan panas pada heating part boiler. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh variasi nilai HHV batu bara terhadap performa PLTU 315 MW dan heating part boiler yang meliputi superheater, reheater, dan economizer. Simulasi dilakukan menggunakan perangkat lunak Cycle Tempo 5.0 dengan kondisi baseline menggunakan batu bara HHV 4500 kCal/kg dan variasi HHV 4000, 3800, 3600, serta 3400 kCal/kg.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penurunan nilai HHV menyebabkan laju aliran massa batu bara meningkat dari 43,10 kg/s menjadi 60,34 kg/s (40,00%). Meskipun demikian, peningkatan konsumsi bahan bakar tersebut tidak mampu mempertahankan performa pembangkit, sehingga gross power output dan net power output masing-masing menurun dari 317,81 MW menjadi 280,72 MW serta dari 313,25 MW menjadi 275,37 MW. Kondisi ini diikuti dengan peningkatan Gross Turbine Heat Rate (GTHR), Gross Plant Heat Rate (GPHR), dan Net Plant Heat Rate (NPHR) masing-masing dari 1.920,44 menjadi 1.985,49 kCal/kWh, 2.051,90 menjadi 2.322,73 kCal/kWh, dan 2.081,77 menjadi 2.367,95 kCal/kWh. Selain itu, boiler efficiency menurun dari 93,59% menjadi 85,48%, gross plant efficiency dari 41,93% menjadi 37,04%, dan net plant efficiency dari 41,33% menjadi 36,34%, sedangkan SFC net meningkat dari 0,495 menjadi 0,789 kg/kWh. Pada heating part boiler, penurunan HHV menyebabkan temperatur main steam turun dari 541°C menjadi 477,08°C dengan heat duty superheater menurun dari 441,65 MW menjadi 389,42 MW. Temperatur main reheated steam juga menurun dari 541°C menjadi 463,59°C, sedangkan heat duty reheater menurun hingga 111,75 MW. Pada economizer, temperatur feedwater outlet turun dari 299°C menjadi 297°C dengan heat duty berkurang dari 30,16 MW menjadi 27,29 MW.
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The increasing demand for electrical energy in Indonesia has encouraged the utilization of low-rank coal through the coal switching strategy to maintain the sustainability of fuel supply in Coal-Fired Power Plants (CFPPs). However, the use of coal with a lower High Heating Value (HHV) has the potential to reduce plant performance and the heat transfer capability of the boiler heating components. This study aims to analyze the effect of variations in coal HHV on the performance of a 315 MW Coal-Fired Power Plant and the boiler heating components, including the superheater, reheater, and economizer. The simulation was carried out using Cycle Tempo 5.0 software with a baseline condition of coal having an HHV of 4,500 kCal/kg and coal HHV variations of 4,000, 3,800, 3,600, and 3,400 kCal/kg. The results indicate that a decrease in coal HHV increased the coal mass flow rate from 43.10 kg/s to 60.34 kg/s (40.00%). Nevertheless, the increased fuel consumption was insufficient to maintain plant performance, resulting in a decrease in gross power output from 317.81 MW to 280.72 MW and net power output from 313.25 MW to 275.37 MW. This condition was accompanied by an increase in the Gross Turbine Heat Rate (GTHR) from 1,920.44 to 1,985.49 kCal/kWh, the Gross Plant Heat Rate (GPHR) from 2,051.90 to 2,322.73 kCal/kWh, and the Net Plant Heat Rate (NPHR) from 2,081.77 to 2,367.95 kCal/kWh. In addition, boiler efficiency decreased from 93.59% to 85.48%, gross plant efficiency from 41.93% to 37.04%, and net plant efficiency from 41.33% to 36.34%, while the net Specific Fuel Consumption (SFC) increased from 0.495 to 0.789 kg/kWh. In the boiler heating components, the decrease in HHV reduced the main steam temperature from 541°C to 477.08°C, accompanied by a reduction in superheater heat duty from 441.65 MW to 389.42 MW. The main reheated steam temperature also decreased from 541°C to 463.59°C, while the reheater heat duty decreased to 111.75 MW. In the economizer, the feedwater outlet temperature decreased from 299°C to 297°C, and the heat duty decreased from 30.16 MW to 27.29 MW.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Coal Switching, Cycle Tempo, Efisiensi, High Heating Value, Performa Pembangkit. Coal Switching, Cycle Tempo, Efficiency, High Heating Value (HHV), Power Plant Performance
Subjects:	Q Science > QC Physics > QC320 Heat transfer
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Mechanical Engineering > 21201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Manda Karistalia
Date Deposited:	31 Jul 2026 08:33
Last Modified:	31 Jul 2026 08:33
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/140997

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