Pengembangan Model Quality Driven Vehicle Routing Problem (QD-VRP) Untuk Armada Berpendingin Pasif Multi Kompartmen Dengan Mekanisme Penukaran PCM

Al Hamdi, Rayhan Akbar (2026) Pengembangan Model Quality Driven Vehicle Routing Problem (QD-VRP) Untuk Armada Berpendingin Pasif Multi Kompartmen Dengan Mekanisme Penukaran PCM. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Phase Change Material (PCM) merupakan salah satu solusi pendinginan pasif yang lebih efisien energi dan kompatibel dengan kendaraan ringan dibandingkan pendingin aktif pada distribusi dingin last-mile. Secara operasional PCM memiliki tiga permasalahan, yaitu keterbatasan kapasitas termal PCM yang tidak mampu mempertahankan suhu konstan, pengaruh pembukaan kompartemen (door opening effect) berulang pada pengiriman last-mile, serta variasi jenis produk dengan karakteristik kualitas dan kebutuhan penanganan suhu berbeda. Ketiganya menuntut penerapan swap station PCM, kendaraan dengan unshared multi-compartment, dan pendekatan berbasis kualitas (quality-driven) yang menyesuaikan karakteristik spesifik tiap produk. Permasalahan dalam penentuan rute harian dalam kondisi ini bersifat NP-hard dimana optimasi eksak membutuhkan sumber daya dan waktu komputasi besar sehingga tidak sesuai kebutuhan operasional harian yang berulang. Oleh karena itu, model diselesaikan menggunakan algoritma Cheapest Insertion Heuristic yang dimodifikasi dengan mekanisme penyisipan swap station saat rute terdeteksi melanggar batasan termal. Penelitian ini berhasil membangun model yang berperilaku sesuai logika yang diharapkan. Eksperimen terhadap model menunjukan bahwa terdapat rentang suhu lingkungan dimana sistem dapat berjalan. Ukuran pack yang lebih kecil memberikan fleksibilitas lebih, sehingga rute lebih efisien. Penambahan kompartemen dapat memperpanjang rute kendaraan sehingga rute lebih efisien hingga titik tertentu, di atas titik ini efisiensi biaya armada tidak lebih besar dari kenaikan biaya PCM.
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Phase Change Material (PCM) is a passive cooling solution that is more energy-efficient and compatible with light-duty vehicles than active cooling systems in last-mile cold chain distribution. Operationally, PCM faces three challenges: the limited thermal capacity of PCM, which cannot maintain a constant temperature; the repeated “door opening effect” during last-mile delivery; and the variety of product types with different quality characteristics and temperature handling requirements. All three issues necessitate the implementation of PCM swap stations, vehicles with unshared multi-compartments, and a quality-driven approach that adapts to the specific characteristics of each product. The problem of determining daily routes under these conditions is NP-hard, where exact optimization requires significant computational resources and time, making it unsuitable for repetitive daily operational needs. Therefore, the model is solved using a modified Cheapest Insertion Heuristic algorithm that incorporates a swap station insertion mechanism when a route is detected to violate thermal constraints. This study successfully developed a model that behaves according to the expected logic. Experiments on the model show that there is a range of ambient temperatures within which the system can operate. Smaller pack sizes provide greater flexibility, resulting in more efficient routes. Adding compartments can extend vehicle routes, making them more efficient up to a certain point; beyond this point, the fleet’s cost efficiency does not outweigh the increase in PCM costs.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Logistik Rantai Dingin, Phase Change Material, Produk Segar, Swap Station, QDVRP
Subjects:	H Social Sciences > HD Industries. Land use. Labor > HD38.5 Business logistics--Cost effectiveness. Supply chain management. ERP Q Science > QA Mathematics > QA402.6 Transportation problems (Programming) T Technology > T Technology (General) > T57.84 Heuristic algorithms.
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology > Industrial Engineering > 26201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Rayhan Akbar Al Hamdi
Date Deposited:	01 Aug 2026 02:38
Last Modified:	01 Aug 2026 02:38
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/141029

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