Rekayasa Limbah Biomassa Kelapa Sawit Menjadi Biochar Sebagai Bahan Baku Co-Firing Batu Bara Dengan Metode Slow Pyrolysis

Hesti, Aisyah Nur and Makarim, Ramzy Nabiel (2026) Rekayasa Limbah Biomassa Kelapa Sawit Menjadi Biochar Sebagai Bahan Baku Co-Firing Batu Bara Dengan Metode Slow Pyrolysis. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Transisi energi nasional mendorong pemanfaatan energi terbarukan untuk mengurangi emisi dan meningkatkan ketahanan energi. Indonesia memiliki potensi besar limbah biomassa kelapa sawit, seperti pelepah (OPF), tandan kosong (EFB), dan cangkang (PKS), yang belum dimanfaatkan optimal dan menimbulkan masalah lingkungan. Proyek akhir ini bertujuan menentukan pengaruh pre-treatment dan jenis biomassa terhadap karakteristik biochar hasil slow pyrolysis, mengevaluasi potensi slagging dan fouling pada campuran co-firing biochar–batu bara, serta menentukan kombinasi biochar, pre-treatment, dan rasio pencampuran paling optimal. Biomassa dikondisikan pada dua perlakuan: (1) perendaman air Reverse Osmosis 24 jam dan pengeringan 105 °C selama 48 jam, serta (2) tanpa pre-treatment, kemudian dipirolisis pada 350 °C selama 2 jam. Biochar dikarakterisasi melalui uji proksimat, ultimat, nilai kalor, dan komposisi mineral (XRF), lalu dibandingkan dengan batu bara sub-bituminous-C. Potensi slagging dan fouling campuran rasio 5%, 10%, dan 15% dievaluasi memakai indeks acid–base ratio (B/A), slagging index (Rs), dan fouling index (FI). Hasil menunjukkan yield biochar 29,30–38,24%, nilai kalor tertinggi pada PKS Non PT (7.440 kal/gr) dan pre-treatment paling efektif pada EFB (4.966 > 6.870 kal/gr). Seluruh sampel co-firing berisiko rendah–sedang, kecuali OPF rasio 15% (B/A = 0,92) yang tinggi. Kombinasi paling optimal adalah EFB pre-treatment rasio 15% dengan nilai kalor campuran 6.402,5 kal/gr (di atas batu bara murni 6.320 kal/gr) dan B/A 0,64, sehingga direkomendasikan sebagai substitusi parsial batu bara yang aman terhadap slagging–fouling pada PLTU eksisting. Proyek ini diharapkan berkontribusi pada pengembangan energi rendah karbon dan menghasilkan publikasi ilmiah bereputasi internasional.
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National energy transition encourages the use of renewable energy to reduce emissions and improve energy security. Indonesia has great potential in oil palm biomass waste, such as fronds (OPF), empty fruit bunches (EFB), and shells (PKS), which remain underutilized and cause environmental problems. This final project aims to determine the effect of pre-treatment and biomass type on the characteristics of biochar produced by slow pyrolysis, to evaluate the slagging and fouling potential of co-firing biochar–coal blends, and to determine the optimal combination of biochar type, pre-treatment condition, and blending ratio. The biomass was conditioned under two treatments: (1) soaking in Reverse Osmosis water for 24 hours followed by drying at 105 °C for 48 hours, and (2) without pre-treatment, then pyrolyzed at 350 °C for 2 hours. The biochar was characterized through proximate, ultimate, calorific value, and mineral composition (XRF) tests, then compared with sub-bituminous-C coal. The slagging and fouling potential of co-firing blends at 5%, 10%, and 15% ratios was evaluated using the acid–base ratio (B/A), slagging index (Rs), and fouling index (FI). The results show a biochar yield of 29.30–38.24%, with the highest calorific value in PKS Non PT (7,440 cal/g) and the most effective pre-treatment on EFB (4,966 > 6,870 cal/g). All co-firing samples fall into the low–medium risk category, except OPF at a 15% ratio (B/A = 0.92), which is high. The most optimal combination is EFB pre-treatment at a 15% ratio, with a blend calorific value of 6,402.5 cal/g (above pure coal at 6,320 cal/g) and B/A of 0.64, and is therefore recommended as a safe partial coal substitute against slagging–fouling risk in existing power plants. This project is expected to contribute to low-carbon energy development and produce internationally reputable scientific publications.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Biochar, Pirolisis Lambat, Slow Pyrolysis, Co-firing
Subjects:	T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP155.7 Chemical processes. T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP315 Fuel
Divisions:	Faculty of Vocational > 24305-Industrial Chemical Engineering
Depositing User:	Ramzy Nabiel Makarim
Date Deposited:	31 Jul 2026 06:49
Last Modified:	02 Aug 2026 00:30
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/141065

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