Rahadian, Aleyda Fatika Rachma (2026) Analisis Faktor Penentu Upah dalam Kesenjangan Upah Berbasis Gender: Implementasi Model Empat Sektor Melalui PLS-SEM dalam Pasar Kerja Indonesia. Other thesis, Institute Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Kesenjangan upah berbasis gender masih menjadi tantangan dalam pasar kerja Indonesia karena faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi upah tidak bekerja secara seragam pada seluruh sektor ekonomi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh modal manusia, kondisi kerja, dan struktur keluarga terhadap upah serta menjelaskan variasi pengaruhnya berdasarkan gender dan sektor ekonomi menggunakan klasifikasi Four-Sector Model. Penelitian menggunakan metode campuran dengan desain explanatory sequential. Data kuantitatif Survei Angkatan Kerja Nasional (SAKERNAS) Agustus 2025 dianalisis menggunakan Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), bootstrapping, dan Multi-Group Analysis (MGA), kemudian diperdalam melalui wawancara ahli.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa modal manusia, kondisi kerja, dan struktur keluarga berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap upah. Pengaruh modal manusia terhadap upah meningkat dari sektor primer hingga kuartener, sedangkan kondisi kerja lebih dominan pada sektor primer, sekunder, dan tersier. Analisis gender menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh modal manusia cenderung lebih kuat pada perempuan di sektor yang lebih modern, sementara pengaruh struktur keluarga secara konsisten lebih kuat pada laki-laki. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa mekanisme pembentukan upah di Indonesia dipengaruhi oleh karakteristik sektoral dan gender, sehingga upaya pengurangan kesenjangan upah perlu disesuaikan dengan karakteristik masing-masing sektor ekonomi.
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The gender pay gap remains a persistent challenge in the Indonesian labor market because wage determinants do not operate uniformly across economic sectors. This study aims to analyze the effects of human capital, working conditions, and family structure on wages and to explain how these effects vary by gender and economic sector using the Four-Sector Model classification. The research employs an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design. Quantitative data from the February 2025 National Labor Force Survey (SAKERNAS) were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), bootstrapping, and Multi-Group Analysis (MGA), followed by expert interviews to deepen the findings.
The results indicate that human capital, working conditions, and family structure have positive and significant effects on wages. The effect of human capital on wages increases from the primary sector to the quaternary sector, while working conditions remain the dominant determinant in the primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors. Gender analysis shows that the influence of human capital tends to be stronger for women in more modern sectors, whereas the influence of family structure is consistently stronger for men across sectors. These findings suggest that wage formation mechanisms in Indonesia are shaped by both sectoral and gender-specific characteristics, implying that efforts aimed at reducing wage inequality should be tailored to the structural characteristics of each economic sector.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | four-sector model, gender pay gap, modal manusia, pasar kerja, upah, Four-Sector Model, gender pay gap, human capital, labor market, wages |
| Subjects: | H Social Sciences > H Social Sciences (General) H Social Sciences > HV Social pathology. Social and public welfare |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Creative Design and Digital Business (CREABIZ) > Developmental Studies > 60201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Aleyda Fatika Rachma Rahadian |
| Date Deposited: | 01 Aug 2026 01:49 |
| Last Modified: | 01 Aug 2026 01:49 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/141071 |
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