Adeita, Salsabila Putri (2026) Analisis Pengaruh Gerak Elektroda dan Posisi Pengelasan 1F dan 3F terhadap Fillet Weld Break Test, Uji Kekerasan, dan Struktur Makro pada Sambungan Tee Joint Material ASTM A36 dengan Proses Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW). Diploma thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Kualitas sambungan tee joint pada struktur baja ASTM 36 sangat bergantung pada pengaturan parameter pengelasan. Ketidaktepatan operasional di lapangan sering kali menjadi pemicu utama kegagalan struktural yang fatal. Berangkat dari permasalahan tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh variasi pola gerak elektroda (zig-zag, U, dan circular) serta posisi pengelasan (1F dan 3F) terhadap kualitas mekanik dan metalurgi sambungan. Penelitian eksperimental ini menggunakan pengelasan Shield Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) dengan elektroda E7018 diameter 2,6 mm dan kuat arus konstan 90 A. Evaluasi kualitas sambungan dilakukan secara komprehensif melalui Fillet Weld Break Test, uji kekerasan Rockwell (HRB), dan pengamatan struktur makro. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan variasi posisi dan pola gerak elektroda tidak memberikan pengaruh signifikan terhadap fluktuasi kekerasan material (Asymp. Sig. 0,741). Meskipun dinamika termal menghasilkan rentang heat input 925,62-1.289,88 J/mm serta fluktuasi kekerasan pada weld metal (51,7-60 HRB) dan HAZ (20,3-23,7 HRB), kekuatan struktural secara mutlak diinisiasi oleh ada tidaknya diskontinuitas yang pada akhirnya mengeliminasi keunggulan fusi teoritis. Disimpulkan bahwa kombinasi parameter paling optimal dicapai oleh pola gerak circular pada posisi 1F dan 3F. Pada 1F, pola circular menghasilkan kekerasan weld metal tertinggi (60 HRB) dengan struktur makro minim diskontinuitas. Keunggulan ini semakin mutlak pada 3F, di mana pola circular terbukti presisi mendistribusikan energi termal untuk mencetak Ultimate Load Capacity sebesar 43,65 kN, profil kekerasan merata (56,3 HRB), serta menekan dimensi root gap ke tingkat paling minimal (1,08 $mm^{2}$).
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The quality of tee joint welds in ASTM A36 steel structures is highly dependent on the configuration of welding parameters. Operational inaccuracies in the field are often the primary trigger of critical structural failures. Based on this issue, this study aims to analyze the influence of electrode weaving pattern variations (zig-zag, U, and circular) as well as welding positions (1F and 3F) on the mechanical and metallurgical quality of the joints. This experimental research employed the Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) process using an E7018 electrode with a diameter of 2.6 mm and a constant current of 90 A. Comprehensive evaluation of joint quality was carried out through Fillet Weld Break Testing, Rockwell hardness testing (HRB), and macrostructure observation. Statistical test results show that variations in welding position and electrode weaving pattern did not have a significant effect on material hardness fluctuations (Asymp. Sig. 0.741). Although the thermal dynamics produced a heat input range of 925.62–1,289.88 J/mm along with hardness fluctuations in the weld metal (51.7–60 HRB) and HAZ (20.3–23.7 HRB), the structural strength was fundamentally initiated by the presence or absence of discontinuities, which ultimately eliminated the theoretical advantage of fusion. It was concluded that the most optimal combination of parameters was achieved by the circular weaving pattern at both the 1F and 3F positions. At the 1F position, the circular pattern produced the highest weld metal hardness (60 HRB) with a macrostructure exhibiting minimal discontinuities. This advantage became even more pronounced at the 3F position, where the circular pattern proved capable of precisely distributing thermal energy to yield an Ultimate Load Capacity of 43.65 kN, an even hardness profile (56.3 HRB), and the minimization of root gap dimensions to the lowest level (1.08 $mm^{2}$).
| Item Type: | Thesis (Diploma) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | ASTM 36, Fillet Weld Break Test, Gerak Elektroda, Posisi Pengelasan, SMAW, Struktur Makro |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) > TA492.W4 Welded joints T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery T Technology > TN Mining engineering. Metallurgy T Technology > TN Mining engineering. Metallurgy > TN879.6 Welding T Technology > TS Manufactures T Technology > TS Manufactures > TS227 Welding. |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Vocational > Mechanical Industrial Engineering (D4) |
| Depositing User: | Salsabila Putri Adeita |
| Date Deposited: | 31 Jul 2026 07:36 |
| Last Modified: | 31 Jul 2026 07:36 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/141091 |
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