Rancangan Sungkup Helm SNI 1811-2007 Berbahan Material Biokomposit Serat Kelapa Dan Polypropylene

Maheswara, Idham Haidar (2026) Rancangan Sungkup Helm SNI 1811-2007 Berbahan Material Biokomposit Serat Kelapa Dan Polypropylene. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Helm berkendara merupakan alat pelindung kepala yang berfungsi untuk mengurangi risiko cedera akibat benturan maupun penetrasi benda tajam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang sungkup helm berbahan biokomposit polypropylene (PP) dan serat kelapa, menganalisis pengaruh variasi fraksi massa serat kelapa terhadap ketahanan penetrasi, serta menentukan ketebalan minimum sungkup helm yang memenuhi kriteria uji penetrasi berdasarkan SNI 1811-2007. Variasi material yang digunakan meliputi PP murni, PP + 10% serat kelapa, PP + 20% serat kelapa, dan PP + 30% serat kelapa, dengan variasi ketebalan sebesar 3 mm, 3,5 mm, dan 4 mm. Analisis dilakukan melalui simulasi menggunakan ANSYS Explicit Dynamics dan dilanjutkan dengan pengujian penetrasi pada spesimen terpilih untuk memvalidasi hasil simulasi. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa ketebalan dan fraksi massa serat kelapa memengaruhi ketahanan penetrasi sungkup helm. Pada ketebalan 3 mm, seluruh variasi material mengalami penetrasi penuh. Pada ketebalan 3,5 mm dan 4 mm, seluruh variasi material memiliki sisa ketebalan positif. Peningkatan fraksi massa serat kelapa dari 10% menjadi 20% dan 30% cenderung meningkatkan kedalaman penetrasi serta menurunkan sisa ketebalan. Di antara variasi biokomposit, PP + 10% serat kelapa menunjukkan performa penetrasi terbaik. Pada ketebalan 4 mm, variasi tersebut menghasilkan kedalaman penetrasi sebesar 3,10 mm, sisa ketebalan sebesar 0,90 mm, equivalent stress sebesar 21,31 MPa, dan equivalent strain sebesar 0,021. Nilai equivalent stress berada di bawah yield strength sebesar 32 MPa, sedangkan nilai equivalent strain berada di bawah strain at break sebesar 0,640. Oleh karena itu, PP + 10% serat kelapa dengan ketebalan 4 mm dipilih sebagai spesimen pengujian eksperimen. Hasil uji penetrasi pada spesimen PP + 10% serat kelapa dengan ketebalan 4 mm menunjukkan diameter penetrasi rata-rata sebesar 3,66 mm, kedalaman penetrasi rata-rata sebesar 3,17 mm, dan sisa ketebalan rata-rata sebesar 0,83 mm. Perbandingan sisa ketebalan hasil simulasi sebesar 0,90 mm dengan hasil eksperimen sebesar 0,83 mm menyebabkan error sebesar 8,43%. Berdasarkan hasil simulasi dan eksperimen, PP + 10% serat kelapa merupakan variasi biokomposit yang paling sesuai karena memiliki sisa ketebalan lebih besar serta nilai equivalent stress dan equivalent strain yang masih berada di bawah tegangan ijin material. Diharapkan hasil penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai referensi untuk merancang helm dari material biokomposit serat kelapa.
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Motorcycle helmets are protective devices designed to reduce the risk of head injuries caused by impacts and sharp object penetration. This study aims to design a helmet shell made from polypropylene (PP) and coir fiber biocomposites, analyze the effect of coir fiber mass fraction on penetration resistance, and determine the minimum helmet shell thickness that satisfies the penetration test requirements specified in SNI 1811:2007. The material variations consisted of neat PP, PP reinforced with 10 wt% coir fiber, PP reinforced with 20 wt% coir fiber, and PP reinforced with 30 wt% coir fiber, with shell thicknesses of 3.0 mm, 3.5 mm, and 4.0 mm. The analysis was conducted through numerical simulation using ANSYS Explicit Dynamics, followed by penetration testing on the selected specimen to validate the simulation results. The simulation results showed that both shell thickness and coir fiber mass fraction significantly influenced the penetration resistance of the helmet shell. At a thickness of 3.0 mm, all material variations experienced complete penetration. At thicknesses of 3.5 mm and 4.0 mm, all material variations retained a positive residual thickness. Increasing the coir fiber mass fraction from 10 wt% to 20 wt% and 30 wt% tended to increase the penetration depth while reducing the residual thickness. Among the biocomposite variations, PP reinforced with 10 wt% coir fiber exhibited the best penetration performance. At a thickness of 4.0 mm, this material achieved a penetration depth of 3.10 mm, a residual thickness of 0.90 mm, an equivalent stress of 21.31 MPa, and an equivalent strain of 0.021. The equivalent stress was lower than the material yield strength of 32 MPa, while the equivalent strain was below the strain at break of 0.640. Therefore, the PP + 10 wt% coir fiber specimen with a thickness of 4.0 mm was selected for experimental validation. The penetration test results showed an average penetration diameter of 3.66 mm, an average penetration depth of 3.17 mm, and an average residual thickness of 0.83 mm. Comparing the simulated residual thickness of 0.90 mm with the experimental value of 0.83 mm resulted in an error of 8.43%. Based on both the simulation and experimental results, PP reinforced with 10 wt% coir fiber was identified as the most suitable biocomposite variation because it provided the greatest residual thickness while maintaining equivalent stress and equivalent strain values below the allowable material limits. The findings of this study are expected to serve as a reference for the design and development of motorcycle helmets made from coir fiber biocomposite materials.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	biokomposit, serat kelapa, polypropylene (PP), sungkup helm, uji penetrasi, SNI 1811-2007, biocomposite, coconut fiber, polypropylene, helmet shell, penetration resistance, SNI 1811-2007
Subjects:	T Technology > TL Motor vehicles. Aeronautics. Astronautics > TL240.5 Composite materials
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Mechanical Engineering > 21201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Idham Haidar Maheswara
Date Deposited:	01 Aug 2026 02:59
Last Modified:	01 Aug 2026 02:59
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/141113

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